胚胎移植术,低温冷冻技术的应用与展望

本文例举大量事实，对胚胎移植求和低温冷冻技术的发展与应用作了介绍，揭示了其光辉的发展前景．     

Experimental analysis of the extensive pigmentation in the Silkie fowl embryo: Evidence for an environmental regulatory process

Summary Heterospecific coelomic grafts, associated with the quail-chick marker system, showed that quail embryo melanoblasts exhibit the same invading behavior as Silkie fowl melanoblasts, when they came into contact with Silkie embryo organs. Thus the colonizationor noncolonization of the organs of the Silkie fowl embryo by melanoblasts seems to depend on environmental cues.     

短时间电场、磁场刺激对鲫鱼胚胎生长发育影响的研究

较强电场及磁场对鲫鱼胚胎的辐照,能显著加快鲫鱼胚胎的发育和后期的生长速度。根据质子核磁驰豫提供的物质内部相互作用的信息,适时施予短时间的电场或磁场作用,有可能对细胞内的蛋白酶和生长激素的形成以及膜的通透性产生较强的影响。     

葡萄幼胚培养技术的研究(Ⅰ)——激素对胚培养的影响及培养基的筛选

选用巨峰、里扎马特和无核白葡萄的幼胚接种在附加了GA3、IAA、6-BA等的不同激素水平的MS培养基上进行培养,结果表明花后60d的巨峰和花后50d的无核白的幼胚在附加GA30.5mg.L-1、IAA2.0mg.L-1、6-BA0.5mg.L-1的培养基上分别得到了44.0±8.9%和96.0±8.9%的发育率与31.9±6.4%和37.5%的成苗率;花后60d的里扎马特幼胚在附加GA30.5mg.L-1、IAA0.5mg.L-1、6-BA0.5mg.L-1的培养基上得到了76.0±8.9%的发育率和63.5±5.5%的成苗率.筛选出了适合不同品种的最佳胚培养、萌发以及成苗培养基,为葡萄新品种的选育提供了新的方法与技术依据.     

低温胁迫对粳型巨胚稻西巨胚一号种子萌发的影响

本文以粳型西巨胚1号为试验材料,研究了不同低温处理对种子萌发的影响。结果表明,随着低温胁迫温度的降低,巨胚稻种子萌发受抑制的程度增强。当胁迫温度达8℃及以下时,西巨胚1号的发芽率急剧下降,低温处理后幼芽不能很好恢复生长,死苗率高。50%死苗率和胁迫温度的拟合曲线结果表明粳型西巨胚1号种子萌发对低温冷害的最低耐受温度为9.4℃。     

鸡胚背根神经节的摘取方法及培养条件的改进优化

探讨摘取鸡胚DRG的有效方法,并对培养条件进行优化,为神经营养因子突起鉴定奠定基础。根据鸡胚DRG的生长状态和解剖特点,采用分部摘取法摘取鸡胚DRG,利用NGF对不同部位的DRG进行鉴定,同时通过不同血清浓度、不同培养基及不同观察时间鸡胚DRG神经突起的生长状态,对培养条件进行优化。结果显示分部摘取法摘取鸡胚DRG提高了实验的可操作性和可重复性;综荐骨部的鸡胚DRG为实验最佳取材部位;无血清RPMI-1640培养基为最适神经突起生长鉴定培养基。     

不同冷冻保护剂和冷冻方法冷冻小鼠4-细胞胚胎对其体外发育的影响

采用丙二醇(PROH)、乙烯乙二醇(EG)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和甘油(G)4种不同的冷冻保护剂,慢速冷冻、Vit-Master玻璃化冷冻两种冷冻方法冷冻小鼠4-细胞胚胎.发现采用慢速冷冻方法冷冻小鼠4-细胞胚胎时,以丙二醇为冷冻保护剂的胚胎成活率、囊胚形成率、囊胚孵出率显著高于以DMSO、G为冷冻保护剂的结果(P＜0.05),而以DMSO、G、EG为冷冻保护剂的结果间及以PROH、EG为冷冻保护剂的结果间没有显著性差异(P＞0.05).采用Vit-Master玻璃化冷冻方法冷冻小鼠4-细胞胚胎时,以EG为冷冻保护剂的胚胎成活率、囊胚形成率、囊胚孵出率显著高于以PROH、DMSO、G为冷冻保护剂的结果(P＜0.05),而以PROH、DMSO、G为冷冻保护剂的结果间没有显著性差异(P＞0.05).     

The internal structure of Early Cambrian fossil embryo <Emphasis Type="Italic">Olivooides</Emphasis> revealed in the light of Synchrotron X-ray Tomographic Microscopy

Countless fossil embryo Olivooides and the hatched larvae, juveniles and adults （the latter two kinds are Punctatus） are recovered by means of acid maceration from the fine-crystalline to medium-crystalline phosphatic limestone and phosphatic micrite of Early Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation at the Shizhonggou section, near Kuanchuanpu Village, Ningqiang County, Shaanxi Province, China. Using the technique of Synchrotron X-ray Tomographic Microscopy, the 3D internal structure of Ofivooides and Punctatus is reconstructed. The morphological and statistic analyses are also given to the stellae structure of Ofivooides and Punctatus, which indicates that this structure is a result of adaptive evolution to a lifestyle of fast-attaching after hatching, probably with the function of mucilage secretion. The internal structure of Punctatus is described and discussed. The ovum-like structure, a common internal feature of Punctatus, is considered as the taphonomic structure, rather than eggs or other biological structure. This structure is thought to be formed after the burial of the animal and before or during the mineralization. The original internal structure of Punctatus is assumed to be tabulae-filled, with soft body grown on them.     

Dynamic changes of apoptosis in duck embryo fibroblasts induced by new type Gosling viral enteritis virus

The monolayer duck embryo fibroblast （DEF） cells were experimentally infected with new type Gosling viral enteritis virus （NGVEV） and the dynamic changes of apoptosis were detected at different time points after NGVEV infection by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and Annexin V-FITC/PI stained fluorescence-activated cell sorter （FACS）. The result shows that NGVEV can induce infected cells undergoing apoptosis and changing regularly. A series of characteristic apoptotic morphological changes including shrinkage of the cells, chromatin condensation and margination, as well as formation of apoptotic bodies, were observed by TEM. The typical ladder pattern of DNA fragmentation was demonstrated by agarose gel electrophoresis. And using flow cytometry analysis of Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, the dead, viable, apoptotic and necrotic cells could be analyzed quantitatively.     

Detection of CD2 expression in chicken hematogenic embryo yolk sac lymphoid cells prior to thymus genesis

Lymphoid mononuclear cells from chick embryos at stage 16 were collected prior to fetal liver and thymus genesis to study the differentiation and function of the hematogenic yolk sac and to detect whether CD2 occurs on the surface of lymphoid mononuclear cells. The phenotype and functional activity of the cell surface protein E receptor and the ultrastructure of embryonic E＋ cells were compared with those of mature T cells. Our results indicate 99.36% homology between the E receptors of embryonic lymphocytes and mature T cells. Other similarities, including molecular distribution, motivation, the ability to form an erythrocyte rosette, the structure of the receptor-ligand complex, and the conformation of the signal channel, were detected between embryonic lymphocytes and mature CD2-expressing T cells. These results indicate that CD2 is already expressed prior to fetal liver and thymus genesis and that its expression is not dependent on the thymic microenvironment.