脊椎动物β-防御素的研究进展

防御素是近年来发现的广泛存在于动植物体内的一类富含精氨酸和半胱氨酸残基的阳离子抗菌肽。脊椎动物的防御素分为α-防御素、β-防御素和θ-防御素3种,其中β-防御素分布区域最为广泛,在脊椎动物的呼吸道、消化道及泌尿生殖道粘膜层有大量表达。其在机体受到感染的早期抑制、抵御和杀灭多种外来病原微生物等方面发挥着不可取代的作用。综述了国内外β-防御素的研究现状,从其蛋白质分子结构、基因的结构及表达调控、抗微生物活性及作用机制、与炎症反应的关系以及作为效应分子和调节分子等角度入手,探讨了脊椎动物β-防御素在免疫应答中的重要作用,并提出了它的应用前景和存在的问题。     

微通道中细胞转动对其化学微环境的影响

采用FLUENT软件模拟了T型引物梯度产生器中的细胞转动过程,分析了细胞转动的线速度、方向和细胞尺寸对其化学微环境的影响.结果表明:在细胞转动的过程中,由于产生额外的引物输运,使其周围引物浓度在一定时间内发生变化,但最终达到稳态;顺时针与逆时针转动的细胞对微环境的搅动效果相反;增加细胞转动的线速度,可以增强其对微环境的搅动效果,但将导致趋化偏转角增大而使得趋化动力减小;细胞尺寸对于细胞趋化偏转角的影响较小,但对其趋化动力的影响较大.     

一种新的全局优化方法及应用

通过对模拟退火，遗传算法和趋化性算法的分析比较，提出了一种新的随机优化方法，从它在过程Flowshop优化调度中的应用可以看出，本文所提出的方法搜索速度快，精度高，实施方便，优于模拟退火法，遗传算法及其某些改进算法所得到的结果。     

Bioassay for hamster macrophage chemotaxis: application to study particle-lung interactions

Attraction of lung macrophages to particle deposition sites has been demonstrated in different animal species. We reported a threefold increase of the number of macrophages to occur within 40 min after polystyrene particle deposition in hamster airways [Geiser et al. (1994) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 160: 594–603]. Complement-derived chemotactic activity is one of the mechanisms postulated for macrophage recruitment. It was the aim of this study to test whether complement-derived chemotactic activity is involved in the rapid recruitment of macrophages to the site of deposited polystyrene particles in hamster airways. We first developed an in vitro cell migration assay for hamster macrophages to assess complement-derived chemotaxis. Second, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) of four hamsters that had inhaled aerosols of polystyrene microspheres were tested for chemotactic activity by this bioassay and compared with BALF of four sham-exposed hamsters. Chemotactic response of macrophages was found toward complement-activated hamster serum, whereas macrophage migration was not increased toward BALF of particle and sham-exposed hamsters. In contrast, macrophage migration to BALF of both groups was reduced by 1.6-fold. Thus, the stimulus for macrophage recruitment to the site of deposited polystyrene particles in hamster airways could not be demonstrated using this bioassay. Received 10 September 1997; received after revision 24 November 1997; accepted 10 December 1997     

An exact formal solution to reaction-diffusion equations from biomathematics

We study the exact formal solution to the simplified Keller-Segel system modelling chemotaxis. The method we use is series expanding. The main result is to attain the formal solution to the simplified Keller-Segel system. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 10025107) Biography: Chen Hua(1956-), male, Professor, research direction: partial differential equations.     

纳米马达的驱动机理研究进展

纳米马达是一种将其他形式能量转化为机械能从而产生定向运动的纳米机器。文章概要介绍了不同种类纳米马达驱动 机理的研究现状，简略分析了纳米马达在实际应用中存在的困难，并对未来的发展趋势进行初步展望。     

Behavior of the solutions to an othmer-stevens chemotaxis model with reproduction term

In this paper,we study a simplified Othmer-Stevens model with reproduction term. By making use of a smart function transformation,the comparative method and some special mathe-matical analysis,we prove the existence of global,blow-up or quenching solutions of the problem on different conditions. More interesting results are reached. The result of the paper not only verifies a real biological phenomenon,but also provides a theo-retical groundwork for numerical problems of the chemotaxis model.     

拮抗烟草青枯病菌的烟草内生细菌系统多样性及趋化性分析

 从来自3个烤烟品种NC297、红大、K326的600株内生细菌中,以烟草青枯病菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)为靶标,共筛出55株拮抗菌,其对烟草青枯病菌的抑菌圈直径在1~16 mm之间.对这55株拮抗性内生细菌的16S rRNA基因序列进行RFLP分析共产生6种带型.根据RFLP带型选取16株进行16S rRNA基因序列测定和系统发育分析.结果表明这55株拮抗性内生细菌属于Firmicutes和Proteobacteria两大类群的6个种:Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp.plantarum,Bacillus methylotrophicus,Bacillus tequilensis,Brevibacillus parabrevis,Brevibacillus brevis和Pseudomonas aeruginosa.利用cheA基因检测方法和平板检测方法共筛选到3种具有趋化性的拮抗性内生细菌:Brevibacillus parabrevis,Brevibacillus brevis和Pseudomonas aeruginosa.     

整合素在肝癌细胞侵袭和转移中的作用

癌细胞与细胞外基质（ECM）的粘附是恶性肿瘤侵袭首要步骤。肿瘤细胞与细胞外基质的粘附是通过细胞膜表达的特异受体介导的，其中整合素家族为重要的粘附分子。对整合素表达相关的细胞外基质的介绍及肝癌细胞侵袭与转移中整合素研究的综述，可了解相关的整合素所介导肝癌细胞与细胞外基质、肝癌细胞之间的相互作用。文中提及肝癌细胞趋化运动中相关的整合素，有助于进一步了解整合素在肝癌侵袭与转移中的作用。整合素参与了整个肝癌细胞的侵袭转移过程，寻找出干扰整合素与配体相互作用、特异性增加或减少整合素在肿瘤中的表达的物质，从而阻断肿瘤的侵袭与转移，对抗癌药物的研究有着深远的影响。     

利用原生动物的趋化性进行水质生物检测的方法研究

本文报导用生物检测水质的先进方法，即光脉冲计数方法，利用原生动物对不同水质的趋化性，测量原生动物在不同水样中移动的数目．从而判断水质的污染程度或毒性大小。