应用高分子材料整治铁路桥梁支座病害

分析了铁路桥梁支座病害的成因,介绍了应用高分子材料整治桥梁支座病害的施工工艺和取得的效果.     

用SHRP方法评价再生沥青性能

考虑到目前评价道路沥青的相关指标,如针入度、软化点、延度等的局限性,为了更好地反映再生沥青随荷载、时间和温度变化的流变学性质,应用战略公路研究计划(strategic highway research program,SHRP)方法对3种再生沥青的路用性能进行了评价,分别从高温稳定性、中温耐疲劳性和低温抗裂性3个方面进...     

可吸入颗粒污染物在下呼吸道运动和沉积规律的数值模拟

为研究受慢性阻塞性肺病影响的呼吸道内气固流动特性,建立了基于Weibel模型的5～8级三维肺部模型.气相采用标准k-ε湍流模型,颗粒相采用离散颗粒模型.三级呼吸道内模拟的气固流动特性与实验结果进行了对比验证.在呼吸强度为30,60和90 L/min条件下,模拟了稳态、非稳态吸气时第7级内侧呼吸道受慢性阻塞性肺病影响收缩...     

“花柳病”概念探源补遗

当今我国学者普遍将花柳病等同于性病,认为花柳病是性病在旧社会的称谓或者是一种民间称法。本文通过对花柳病概念进行溯源,认为这种看法是缺乏历史依据的:花柳一词作为对妓女等的雅称始于唐代,但是作为一种疾病的名称则始于日本,自19世纪中后期被引入中国之后,它又经历了近代医学的洗礼和改造,成为了一个充满本土感的近代词汇。     

浅谈红层地区小型水库的常见地质病害

根据对自贡地区300余座小一型及小二型水库病害的分析、统计,列出红层地区小型水库的普遍性地质病害,为川南、川北以及川东地区的水库病害整治提供一点借鉴作用。     

淋巴囊肿病病毒主要衣壳蛋白1.3 kb基因片段的原核表达

取淋巴囊肿病病毒感染牙鲆组织,蛋白酶K裂解,PCR法成功获得了淋巴囊肿病病毒主要衣壳蛋白1.3 kb基因片段.构建其原核表达载体,IPTG诱导表达.结果表明,该融合蛋白分子量约70 kD,可与抗LCDV多克隆血清特异反应.为LCDV基因工程疫苗的研制奠定了实验基础.     

马尾松松材线虫病抗性无性系的筛选和遗传多样性分析

【目的】 松材线虫病是松属致命性的世界检疫性森林病害。筛选和创新抗性遗传资源是马尾松抗松材线虫病育种的重要基础。松材线虫病重灾疫区自然淘汰存留下来的马尾松资源,可能是开展马尾松抗松材线虫病育种潜在的重要遗传基础,值得进一步深入挖掘、系统评价和开发利用。本研究通过对110个对松材线虫病具有抗性表型的无性系进行遗传多样性、生长性状测定和保存率调查,综合评价其在抗性育种中的潜在价值。【方法】 通过接种松材线虫对马尾松的1 201个初选无性系进行筛选,并对110个具有抗线虫表型的重选无性系进行遗传多样性RAPD和生长性状评价。从14对SCAR分子标记引物中筛选通用性强、多态性位点高的两组引物,用于MuPS(Multiplex-PCR of SCAR markers) 反应扩增和遗传多态性位点检测。基于79个MuPS唯一型无性系群体,采用Popgene 32软件估算的遗传多样性,结合生长量和存活率指标,评估该批遗传资源在马尾松抗性育种中的潜在价值。【结果】 初选的1 201个无性系(来自251个马尾松初选家系),经松材线虫接种筛选后,获得110个无性系(来自初选家系中的81个),由两组引物扩增得到92种MuPS分型。其中,有79个无性系为单一的MuPS分型所完全准确识别(占71.81%)。基于79个具单一MuPS分型的无性系群体遗传多样性分析表明,群体所有位点的平均有效等位基因数(N_e)为1.508 1个,Nei’s基因多样度(H)为0.302 3,Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.459 1。无性系体间遗传参数差异明显,N_e变幅为1.012 8~1.998 1,H变幅为0.012 6~0.499 5,I变幅为0.038 5~0.692 7。具有抗松材线虫病表型的110个马尾松无性系存活83个。保存无性系间其生长性状存在显著差异,树高、胸径和单株材积生长量变幅分别为4.6~10.7 m,6.7~21.7 cm和0.012 3~0.189 4 m³,生长量最大的休3-3号无性系立木材积(0.189 4m³)为最小的无性系广27-2的(0.012 3 m³)15倍以上。【结论】 马尾松1 201个初选无性系,经野外人工接种松材线虫的抗性筛选后,110个无性系表现出对松材线虫病有显著的抗性表型,占初选无性系的9.09%。这些经过抗性筛选的无性系在材积生长性状上达到了极显著差异水平。这意味着在抗性改良基础上,进行生长量改良的策略是可行的。与已有的天然和人工育种群体的遗传多样性参数相比,本研究虽然经初选和抗性复选淘汰了90%以上的无性系,仍保留了群体中较高的遗传多样性。综上,笔者认为这批初选资源经抗性筛选存留的遗传资源,在马尾松抗松材线虫病育种研究中具有明显的潜在价值。     

Phytanic acid impairs mitochondrial respiration through protonophoric action

Refsum disease is a rare, inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by accumulation of the dietary branched-chain fatty acid phytanic acid in plasma and tissues caused by a defect in the alphaoxidation pathway. The accumulation of phytanic acid is believed to be the main pathophysiological cause of the disease. However, the exact mechanism(s) by which phytanic acid exerts its toxicity have not been resolved. In this study, the effect of phytanic acid on mitochondrial respiration was investigated. The results show that in digitonin-permeabilized fibroblasts, phytanic acid decreases ATP synthesis, whereas substrate oxidation per se is not affected. Importantly, studies in intact fibroblasts revealed that phytanic acid decreases both the mitochondrial membrane potential and NAD(P)H autofluorescence. Taken together, the results described here show that unesterified phytanic acid exerts its toxic effect mainly through its protonophoric action, at least in human skin fibroblasts. Received 4 August 2007; received after revision 26 September 2007; accepted 10 October 2007 J. C. Komen, F. Distelmaier: These authors contributed equally to this work.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Legionella pneumophila</Emphasis> — a human pathogen that co-evolved with fresh water protozoa

The bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila is found ubiquitously in fresh water environments where it replicates within protozoan hosts. When inhaled by humans it can replicate within alveolar macrophages and cause a severe pneumonia, Legionnaires disease. Yet much needs to be learned regarding the mechanisms that allow Legionella to modulate host functions to its advantage and the regulatory network governing its intracellular life cycle. The establishment and publication of the complete genome sequences of three clinical L. pneumophila isolates paved the way for major breakthroughs in understanding the biology of L. pneumophila. Based on sequence analysis many new putative virulence factors have been identified foremost among them eukaryotic-like proteins that may be implicated in many different steps of the Legionella life cycle. This review summarizes what is currently known about regulation of the Legionella life cycle and gives insight in the Legionella-specific features as deduced from genome analysis. Received 1 September 2006; received after revision 10 October 2006; accepted 22 November 2006     

Developing pharmacological therapies for Alzheimer disease

Alzheimer disease (AD), while chronic and progressive with an average progression of 7 – 10 years, is both multifactorial and heterogeneous. Thus, AD offers a large window of opportunity and a large number of therapeutic targets to inhibit it. The selection of a therapeutic target, however, is one of the biggest challenges in developing a pharmacological treatment of this multifactorial disease. Inhibition of a pivotal downstream event is likely to benefit more patients than inhibition of an upstream event in AD pathogenesis. Neurofibrillary degeneration of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau offers such a pivotal therapeutic target. Abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau and not its aggregation into filaments appears to be the most deleterious step in neurofibrillary degeneration. Tau can be abnormally hyperphosphorylated by downregulation of protein phosphatase-2A activity or by upregulation of more than one tau kinase. Restoration of the phosphatase activity which is downregulated in AD brain or inhibition of GSK-3β and cdk5, which are required for AD-type abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau, are among the most promising therapeutic strategies.