Ca2+及cAMP调控的神经递质与激素释放

神经递质和激素的释放受胞内诸多信号通路的调控。这两种内源物质的释放都由依赖于Ca²⁺浓度的快速引发机制介导,相对于其他介导因素,[Ca²⁺]占主导地位。神经递质和激素释放的调控大多是通过调节释放小泡数量实现的。尽管在处于静息状态的神经末梢中,释放小泡的数量相对恒定,但当释放小泡被胞吐作用“消耗”后,其再生速度受调控作用介导而发生改变,从而导致小泡数量“稳中有变”的动态调控过程。这一动态调控作用表明了“消耗”与“再生”之间的平衡机制。     

甲醛对小鼠器官组织内cAMP含量的影响及其机理探讨

为探讨甲醛是否通过信号分子途径影响造血系统的代谢调节,选用雄性Balb/c小鼠为研究对象,采用动态吸入方式染毒7 d,每天8 h,染毒浓度分别为0,0.5,1.0,3.0 mg/m3.染毒结束后,检测小鼠脑、血浆、骨髓中cAMP含量变化.结果表明,在不同浓度的甲醛暴露条件下,与空白对照组相比,脑组织中cAMP含量没有显著性变化;血浆中cAMP含量与对照组相比,0.5、3.0 mg/m3染毒组出现极显著性差异(P<0.01),1.0 mg/m3染毒组出现显著性差异(P<0.05);骨髓中cAMP含量与对照组相比,0.5,1.0,3.0 mg/m3染毒组都出现显著性差异(P<0.05).研究表明,甲醛暴露对造血系统的毒性与胞内信号分子cAMP传导途径相关.     

The role of calcium in aggregation and development ofDictyostelium

Changes in cytosolic Ca²⁺ play an important role in a wide array of cell types and the control of its concentration depends upon the interplay of many cellular constituents. Resting cells maintain cytosolic calcium ([Ca²⁺]_i) at a low level in the face of steep gradients of extracellular and sequestered Ca²⁺. Many different signals can provoke the opening of calcium channels in the plasma membrane or in intracellular compartments and cause rapid influx of Ca²⁺ into the cytosol and elevation of [Ca²⁺]_i. After such stimulation Ca²⁺ ATPases located in the plasma membrane and in the membranes of intracellular stores rapidly return [Ca²⁺]_i to its basal level. Such responses to elevation of [Ca²⁺]_i are a part of an important signal transduction mechanism that uses calcium (often via the binding protein calmodulin) to mediate a variety of cellular actions responsive to outside influences.     

The TSH receptor and its role in thyroid disease

The thyrotropin (TSH) receptor plays a preeminent role in thyroid physiology and disease. TSH, acting through the TSH receptor, is the major stimulator of thyroid cell growth, differentiation and function. In Graves' disease, the TSH receptor is the target of stimulating antibodies that cause hyperthyroidism. Although still a topic of debate, the TSH receptor has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the endocrine ophthalmopathy associated with Graves' disease. Blocking antibodies against the TSH receptor are involved in the development of hypothyroidism in a subset of patients with autoimmune hypothyroidism. Transplacental passage of stimulating or blocking TSH receptor antibodies from a mother with autoimmune thyroid disease may result in transient hyper- or hypothyroidism in early infancy. During pregnancy, the placental hormone human choriogonadotropin (hCG) can cause gestational hyperthyroidism through cross-reaction with the TSH receptor. Gestational hyperthyroidism may also be involved in the pathogenesis of hyperemesis gravidarum. Trophoblast tumors secreting hCG are a rare cause of hyperthyroidism. Somatic activating mutations of the TSH receptor have been identified as a molecular cause of toxic adenomas, whereas activating mutations in the germline give rise to nonautoimmune familial hyperthyroidism or sporadic congenital hyperthyroidism. These gain-of-function mutations are dominant, and one mutated allele is sufficient to result in disease. Inactivating germline mutations of both TSH receptor alleles lead to variable degrees of resistance to TSH, encompassing a spectrum ranging from euthyroid hyperthyrotropinemia to overt hypothyroidism with thyroid hypoplasia. Received 31 January 2001; received after revision 3 April 2001; accepted 3 April 2001     

三氯乙酸沉淀蛋白法辅助提取牛奶中环腺苷酸工艺

以牛奶为原料,通过离心去除乳中脂肪,采用不同质量分数不同用量TCA沉淀乳中蛋白质,再浓缩乳糖,分离提取环腺苷酸（cAMP）,选用最佳高效液相色谱条件测定牛奶中cAMP含量.结果表明,不同质量分数TCA处理组之间比较,质量分数为10%TCA处理组cAMP含量显著高于其他2组（P〈0.05）;不同用量TCA处理组之间比较,8 mL相同质量分数TCA处理组cAMP含量较其他2组显著降低（P〈0.05）.选用TCA沉淀乳蛋白方法提取cAMP时最佳工艺是TCA质量分数为10%,用量为4 mL,cAMP质量浓度为（29.02±1.58）μg/mL.研究通过建立牛奶中cAMP的提取工艺,可从奶酪副产物、乳清、不合格原料奶中提取cAMP,在降低cAMP提取成本、废物利用、增加牛奶附加值等方面具有重要意义.     

VAMATEX C401S型剑杆织机织造线绢织物上机工艺的探讨

分析了在VAMATEX C401S型剑杆织机织造线绢织物的主要疵点和对质量影响较大的主要原因,介绍了优选工艺的路径和方法,并阐述了主要因素与经向断头、布面外观和疵点的关系,讨论了如何提高产品质量的工艺措施.     

去氢紫堇碱对兔血小板cAMP质量浓度的影响

目的 研究去氢紫堇碱（DHC）对兔血小板cAMP质量浓度的影响，探讨其抑制血小板聚集作用机制。方法 应用放射免疫分析法观察DHC对体外血小板cAMP质量浓度的影响。结果 与对照组相比，DHC显著增加兔血小板中cAMP的质量浓度。结论 DHC可能通过增加血小板中cAMP的质量浓度而且抑制血小板聚集。