利用药膜法测定杀虫剂对蜘蛛的毒性

采用药膜法测定了吡虫啉对草间钻头蛛、三氟氯氰菊酯对草间钻头蛛和星豹蛛的毒性.结果表明:吡虫啉对草间钻头蛛的毒性低于三氟氯氰菊酯,三氟氯氰菊酯对星豹蛛也有很高的毒性.药膜法不适合测定农药对草间钻头蛛等结网型蜘蛛的毒性,但对星豹蛛等游猎型蜘蛛较适合.     

农药生物测定新方法的研究 Ⅱ.杀虫剂细胞生测体系的建立及改进

通过改进ＭＴＴ方法,以中国棉铃虫细胞系为供试细胞,建立起一种适应化学农药毒力测定的新方法．实验结果表明：改进后的方法灵敏度高,可读出每孔仅５００细胞的ＯＤ值;溶解蓝紫色结晶物（甲）吸收峰在５５０～５７０ｎｍ之间,参考波长为５９０ｎｍ;测定昆虫细胞范围为每孔５００～６００００细胞,这一范围能满足细胞生测及基础研究中多种测定的需要．     

Baculovirus-mediated expression of a Chinese scorpion neurotoxin improves insecticidal efficacy

An Buthus martensii Karsch Insect Toxin （BmK IT ） gene was inserted into the genome of Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus （AcMNPV） to construct a recombinant baculovirus, AcMNPV-BmK IT. The expression of BmK IT was confirmed using RT-PCR, dot blot and SDS-PAGE analysis. Dose-lethal time responses to Spodoptera exigua larvae were compared between wild-type baculovirus AcMNPV and recombinant virus AcMNPV-BmK IT. At the concentration of 1 × 10^7 PIBs/mL, the median lethal time of recombinant baculovirus （LT50 = 73.6 h） on third instar S. exigua larvae showed an improvement of 13.2% over the efficacy of wild type virus （LT50 = 84.8 h） during a 192 h infection.     

Retinoid X receptor activities of source waters in China and their removal efficiencies during drinking water treatment processes

There is increasing evidence of estrogenic activities of source waters and drinking waters in China based on estrogen receptors(ERs) testing.However,relating such activities to retinoid X receptors(RXRs) in both drinking and source waters are lacking.To rectify this situation,we assessed 23 source water samples from six major river systems in China.We also collected samples at various stages of water processing from three drinking water treatment plants(DWTPs) using a two-hybrid RXR yeast assay with and without metabolism.No RXR agonistic activity was observed,but significant antagonistic activity was detected in all sample extracts.The RXR antagonistic activities of source water sample extracts ranged from 15.2% to 57.8% without metabolism and 11.5% to 68.3% with metabolism,respectively.In the drinking water treatment processes,RXR antagonistic activities without metabolism and with metabolism of up to 31.4% and 37.5% were removed,respectively.Nevertheless,the remaining RXR antagonists in treated drinking water from these source waters could still be harmful to human health.To the best of our knowledge,the occurrence of in vitro RXR disruption activities in source and drinking water has not been previously reported in China.Therefore,an attempt was made to conduct detailed studies investigating RXR disrupting activities and their possible risks in source and drinking water.     

精品在线开放课程建设的探讨与应用 ——以药品生物检定技术课程为例

[目的]更好地提高药品生物检定技术课程的教学质量,提高授课教师的教学能力,充分发挥优质教学资源的共享功能。[方法]从该课程建设的意义出发,将其内容颗粒化为37个知识点,并以其中“无菌检查法”为案例,讨论并分析该课程的教学方法、内容及考核评价。[结果]在线开放课程的建立提供了药品类专业学生网络学习和互动的载体,丰富了该课程的学习途径。[结论]通过重构该课程教学内容、优化教学手段、改革考评方式,能有效地提高学生学习兴趣、提升学习效果,可为相关教学改革提供参考。     

琼脂扩散法生物检定的理论方程式——Ⅲ.与Cooper方程式的比较

本文首先验证了Cooper方程式能适用于放线酮的生物检定,然后分别从杯碟法和滤纸片法的理论方程式求得临界浓度和临界时间,最后比较按Cooper方程式和理论方程式的计算结果,发现它们吻合较好。因此认为理论方程式为Cooper方程式提供了理论根据,而Cooper方程式则是理论方程式的简化形式。     

杀菌剂生物测定方法的研究

本研究建立的“蚕豆叶片法”，“黄瓜子叶法”和“萝卜块根法”是简便，快捷的杀菌剂生物测定法，它们分别适用于水稻纹枯病（Pellicularia sasakii)，油菜菌经茎腐病（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)和细菌性白菜软腐病（Erwiniacarotovora)，试材均以植物组织为特征，因此，也可称之为组织筛选法，这些方法试材制备简单，操作技术容易掌握，温度和湿度等环境条件可局部控制，重复性强,在短时间内可对大量样品进行活性检测，通过多种化合物测试，表明这些方法与常规植株筛选法具有很高的相关性，本文建立的“对峙培养法”是一种针对天然物抗菌活性检测法，可适用于微量分离物活性跟踪检测。     

Transgenic rice homozygous lines expressing GNA showed enhanced resistance to rice brown planthopper

Mature seed-derived calli from two elite Chinese japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Eyi 105 and Ewan 5 were co-transformed with two plasmids, pWRG1515 and pRSSGNA1, containing the selectable marker hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hpt), the reporter β-glucuronidase gene (gusA) and the snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) lectin gene (gna) via particle bombardment. 61 independent transgenic rice plants were regenerated from 329 bombarded calli. 79% transgenic plants contained all the three genes, revealed by PCR/Southern blot analysis. Western blot analysis revealed that 36 out of 48 gna-containing transgenic plants expressed GNA (75%) at various levels with the highest expression being approximately 0.5% of total soluble protein. Genetic analysis confirmed Mendelian segregation of transgenes in progeny. From the R2 generations whose R1 parent plants showing 3:1 Mendelian segregation patterns, we identified five independent homozygous lines containing and expressing all the three transgenes. Insect bioassay and feeding tests showed that these homozygous lines had significant inhibition to rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) by decreasing BPH survival and overall fecundity, retarding BPH development and declining BPH feeding. These BPH-resistant lines have been incorporated into rice insect resistance breeding program. This is the first report that homozygous transgenic rice lines expressing GNA, developed by genetic transformation and through genetic analysis-based selection, conferred enhanced resistance to BPH, one of the most damaging insect pests in rice.     

应用紫露草四分体微核技术对福州市3条内河河水污染的监测试验

本文报道了应用紫露草四分体微核技术对福州市３条内河污染的监测试验。     

琼脂扩散法生物检定的理论方程式 Ⅱ.滤纸片法

本文根据二维扩散方程式推导得滤纸片法生物检定的理论方程式。利用放线酮作为试样,在不同瞬间、不同径向距离处取样,测得放线酮在琼脂中的表观扩散系数值为0.018cm~2/h(25℃),并计算得浓度随半径和时间变化的理论曲线,与实验结果吻合较好。结合临界浓度和临界时间的概念,方程式对生物检定有指导意义。