Diversity in enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductases

The enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (ENR) is the last enzyme in the fatty acid elongation cycle. Unlike most enzymes in this essential pathway, ENR displays an unusual diversity among organisms. The growing interest in ENRs is mainly due to the fact that a variety of both synthetic and natural antibacterial compounds are shown to specifically target their activity. The primary anti-tuberculosis drug, isoniazid, and the broadly used antibacterial compound, triclosan, both target this enzyme. In this review, we discuss the diversity of ENRs, and their inhibitors in the light of current research progress. Received 3 November 2008; received after revision 5 December 2008; accepted 8 December 2008     

Betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase: just a regulator of homocysteine metabolism?

Betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT), a Zn²⁺-dependent thiolmethyltransferase, contributes to the regulation of homocysteine levels, increases in which are considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Most plasma homocysteine is generated through the liver methionine cycle, in which BHMT metabolizes approximately 25% of this non-protein amino acid. This process allows recovery of one of the three methylation equivalents used in phosphatidylcholine synthesis through transmethylation, a major homocysteine-producing pathway. Although BHMT has been known for over 40 years, the difficulties encountered in its isolation precluded detailed studies until very recently. Thus, the last 10 years, since the sequence became available, have yielded extensive structural and functional data. Moreover, recent findings offer clues for potential new functions for BHMT. The purpose of this review is to provide an integrated view of the knowledge available on BHMT, and to analyze its putative roles in other processes through interactions uncover to date. Received 26 May 2006; received after revision 3 July 2006; accepted 24 August 2006     

Zinc binding to peptide analogs of the structural zinc site in alcohol dehydrogenase: Implications for an entatic state

Zinc binding to the peptide replica and analogs to residues 93–115 of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was examined by competition of the peptides and the chromophoric chelator 4-(2- pyridylazo)resorcinol for zinc and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis of the zinc ligands. In the enzyme, zinc is coordinated by four Cys residues. In the peptide replica, zinc is bound to three Cys and one His residue. A four-Cys zinc coordination is observed only when His is removed, leading to increased zinc stability. ADH crystal structures reveal that the ε-amino group of the conserved residue Lys323 is within H-bond distance of the backbone amide oxygens of residues 103, 105 and 108, likely stabilizing the zinc coordination in the enzyme. The peptide data thus indicate structural strain and increased energy in the zinc-binding site in the protein, characteristic of an entatic state, implying a functional nature for this zinc site. Received 3 July 2008; received after revision 11 August 2008; accepted 1 September 2008     

五氯酚对好氧活性污泥中不同酶活性的影响

以五氯酚为研究对象,采用分光光度法测定其对城市污水处理厂好氧活性污泥中的脲酶、转化酶、脱氢酶活性的影响。结果表明,随着五氯酚暴露浓度的增大,脲酶活性总体呈上升趋势;转化酶活性先升高后降低,暴露时间为0.5 h,转化酶升高率达到最大值49.3%;暴露15 h后转化酶活性开始呈现降低态势,实验最大暴露时间25 h时降低率达到76.8%。脱氢酶活性则大多呈现降低趋势,在暴露0.5 h时其酶活性随五氯酚浓度变化呈明显负相关,酶活性降低率为52%,之后脱氢酶活性被抑制情况呈现平缓趋势。综合生理生化反应指标的敏感度和分析方法的精密度进行评价,五氯酚对转化酶影响幅度大且分析精密度高,而脱氢酶响应快,可作为急性毒性应激敏感指标。     

内蒙古岱海9种鲤科鱼LDH同工酶谱的比较研究

用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术，对岱海水体中９种鲤科鱼类进行了ＬＤＨ同工酶谱比较研究．结果表明，种间谱型有明显差异．同工酶谱经主成分分析（ＰＣＡ）表明，草鱼和瓦氏雅罗鱼被划为一类群，在分类学上它们属雅罗鱼亚科，红鲤和普鲫被划为一个类群，它们属于鲤亚科，而红锗、团头鲂和Ｈ．ｌｅｕｃｉｓｃｕｌｕｓ被划为另一类群，它们均属亚科；鳙和白链在分类学上属鲢亚科，同工酶分析表明：鳙接近鲤亚科，而白鲢更接近于亚科．可见，这些类群的划分与经典系统分类基本上一致，表明ＬＤＨ同工酶谱的主成分分析在鱼类分类和演化研究中是一可取的研究方法．     

三元全酶系统的共固定化和辅酶再生

本文研究了用对-氨基苯砜乙基(ABSE)-交联琼脂糖做载体,通过戊二醛共价交联,对醇脱氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、辅酶Ⅰ进行了位置对位置的共固定化。按本实验方法得到的固定化三元全酶系统的辅酶再生能力为相应游离酶系统的5倍。本文还对该三元全酶系统的固定化机理和辅酶再生性能做了一定的讨论。     

由α-蒎烯合成一些昆虫保幼激素类似物

由α-蒎烯得到的蒎酮醛、龙脑烯醛、2,2-二甲基-3-乙基环丁基乙醛为起始原料,经Wittig或Wittig-Horner反应合成了昆虫保幼激素类似物4-(2,2-二甲基-3-乙基环丁基)-丁-2-烯酸乙酯(Ⅰ),6-(2,2-二甲基-3-乙基环丁基)-已-2,4-二烯酸乙酯(Ⅱ),6-(2,2-二甲基-3-乙基环丁基)-已-2,4-二烯酸甲酯(Ⅲ),6-(2,2-二甲基-3-乙酰基环丁基)-已-2,4-二烯酸甲酯(Ⅳ),6-(2,2,3-三甲基-环戊-3-烯基)-已-2,4-二烯酸甲酯(Ⅴ),3-甲基-8-(2,2-二甲基-3-乙基环丁基)-辛-2,6-二烯酸乙酯(ⅤⅢ)。它们的结构经红外光谱、1~H核磁共振和元素分析鉴定。     

微波辐射下9—芳基—3,3,6,6—四甲基—1，8—二氧代—1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8，9，10—十氢吖啶的合成

对氯苯甲醛（或3，4-二甲氧基苯甲醛），5，5-二甲基-1，3-环己二酮，醋酸铵为原料在无溶济条件下经微波辐射得9-对氯苯基-3，3，6，6-四甲基-1，8-二氧代-1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8，9，10-十氢吖啶，结构通过红外光谱、核磁共振谱，元素分析确定。     

甲醛对人红细胞的影响

生产、科研、生活中,有大量人群长期接触甲醛。甲醛可引起肝脏病变,致癌、致突变,已日益为人们所关注。本文采用人红细胞为材料,研究甲醛的毒害作用。人红细胞悬液,经0.1～1.0×10~(-6)mol/l甲醛处理后,通过生化分析,实验结果表明,在本实试条件下甲醛增强红细胞溶血作用,抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活力和引起可滴定巯基含量降低。同时使磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶活力提高和促进细胞内Ca~(3+)的泄漏。     

脂肪醇氧化制取脂肪醛

利用混合脂肪醇减压蒸馏获得的 C_8、C_9、C_(10)、C_(11)醇,在电解银催化剂存在下,氧化制取相应脂肪醛。研究了反应条件对转化率、选择性和收率的影响。转化率、选择性达到了90%以上。