Analysis of the relationship between age of larvae at mutagen treatment and frequency and size of spots in the wing somatic mutation and recombination test inDrosophila melanogaster

The relationship between the induction of mutant clones and the time of mutagen treatment was studied in the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in wing cells ofDrosophila melanogaster. Larvae trans-heterozygous for the recessive marker mutations multiple wing hairs (mwh) and flare (flr) were produced. Batches of these larvae were then treated with mutagen at different ages spanning all three larval instars. Methyl methanesulfonate was fed acutely for 2 h by immersing the larvae in a solution of the mutagen mixed with powdered cellulose. Wings of the surviving adult flies were mounted and scored for the presence of spots. The frequency and size of single and twin spots were recorded separately. Twin spots are produced exclusively by mitotic recombination, whereas single spots can results from various types of mutational and exchange events. There exists a clear correlation between time of induction and frequency as well as size of the single spots. In young larvae only few but very large spots are induced, whereas in older larvae the frequencies are considerably increased but the sizes are smaller. The twin spots show a different relationship. Practically no twin spots are found in very young and in very old larvae. The results demonstrate that in the wing spot test the optimal age of the larvae for mutagen treatment is 72 h.     

Synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes film and its light scattering property

TiO2 nanotubes with diameters of 10 nm and lengths up to 600 nm were fabricated by directly using commercial TiO2 powders P25 as the precursors via sonication-hydrothermal combination approach. TiO2 nanotubes were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffractometer （XRD）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, selected area electron diffraction pattern （SAED） and transmission elec- tron microscope （TEM）. The light scattering property of film electrodes modified with TiO2 nanotubes was studied and revealed that TiO2 nanotubes can be used as the light scattering centers to increase the light absorption in dye-sensitized solar cells. The TiO2 nanotubes film electrodes mixed with 10% small nanoparticles TiO2 had both strong light scattering property and fine mechanical characteristics, and this kind of electrodes can be used as electrodes in improving the conversion efficiencies of dye-sensitized solar cells.     

正常人和AITD患者对碘致甲状腺细胞凋亡的不同敏感性

目的:探讨碘对体外培养的Grave s病(GD)、桥本氏甲状腺炎(HT)、正常人甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞(TEC)凋亡及相关蛋白表达的影响并明确正常人和自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)患者甲状腺细胞对碘的敏感性.方法:分离培养正常、GD和HT甲状腺细胞,给予不同浓度碘化钠(NaI)干预,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,免疫组化检测各组Fas/Fasl表达的水平;比较各组细胞对碘致凋亡和凋亡蛋白表达的敏感性.结果:NaI可以使正常、GD、HT患者甲状腺细胞凋亡率增加(P<0.05),并使相关的凋亡蛋白及基因Fas/Fasl表达增加,但HT和GD甲状腺细胞凋亡和Fas/Fasl表达率较正常甲状腺细胞增加更明显,以HT患者甲状腺细胞加高碘培养后凋亡更多(P<0.05).结论:与正常人相比,AITD患者对高碘导致的甲状腺细胞凋亡更敏感.     

Fn和RGD对人支气管上皮细胞损伤修复的影响

为探讨纤维连接蛋白(Fn)、精-甘-天冬氨酸肽(RGD)对人支气管上皮细胞(BEC)损伤修复的影响,用永生化人BEC进行培养,将培养细胞分为7组:1.对照组;2.臭氧(O3)应激组;3.O3 EGF组;4.O3 Fn组;5.O3 RGD组;6.O3 Fn 钙调素抑制剂W7组;7.O3 Fn 蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂Genestin组,分别测定各组的损伤修复指数(RI),利用计算机图像分析软件对数据进行处理和比较.结果发现O3应激组的损伤修复指数显著低于对照组(P<0.01),O3 EGF组、O3 Fn组和O3 RGD组损伤修复指数则显著高于O3应激组(P<0.01),Fn的促损伤修复效应可被W7和Genestin阻断(P<0.01).该实验表明EGF,Fn和RGD对BEC的损伤后修复有保护作用,Fn的作用机制可能与酪氨酸磷酸化途径和钙调素途径有关.     

血吸虫膜相关抗原基因的克隆

目的:筛选日本血吸虫(Schistosoma japonicum,S.japonicum)新的疫苗候选抗原基因.方法:以S.japonicum成虫DNA为模板,PCR扩增相关基因,然后将其克隆XpBS-T载体,通过菌落PCR对产物进行检测,对阳性克隆子测序,与GeneBank中的已知相关序列进行比对分析.结果:菌落PCR获得一条与PCR产物一致的DNA片段,序列测定结果表明PCR产物与S.japonicum 22.6 kDa抗原分子核苷酸序列具有高度同源性.其目的基因大小636 bp,具有一个189 bp的ORF,能编码63个氨基酸.ORF不是全长的阅读框,只获得部分编码区.表达产物可含有一个包含9个氨基酸残基的潜在螺旋跨膜片段(25～33位)和一个酪氨酸激酶磷酸化位点(38～39位).讨论:成功克隆出一个与S.japonicum 22.6kDa抗原编码基因有高度同源性的基因.预测该基因为膜相关蛋白基因,可编码血吸虫体表膜相关蛋白.在生理机能上,该膜相关蛋白可能是信号传递分子.     

拟黑多刺蚁对H22荷瘤鼠抑制肿瘤生长的初探

通过建立动物肿瘤模型,采用对比实验法,探讨拟黑多刺蚁对H22荷瘤鼠的抑瘤作用.结果表明:拟黑多刺蚁具有抑制H22肿瘤细胞的作用,并增强荷瘤鼠的免疫功能.     

5种细胞周期调控基因在小鼠生殖细胞发育过程中的表达研究

 以成熟(10周龄以上)的昆明种正常小鼠的精巢和卵巢为材料,利用地高辛标记的基因探针进行组织切片上的DNA-mRNA分子原位杂交,研究了PCNA,cdc2,cyclin D1,p2 1和 p16 5种细胞周期调控基因在生殖细胞发育过程中的表达.结果表明:PCNA基因在睾丸组织的精原细胞和精母细胞中有强杂交信号,而在雌性生殖细胞及滤泡细胞的发育过程都没有杂交信号;cyclin D1,cdc2,p2 1,p16基因在生殖细胞的发育过程中都没有,表明这些基因并没有参与小鼠生殖细胞的生长和分化调控.这些事实表明在生殖细胞发育过程中,控制细胞增殖和增殖抑制的基因与培养细胞有不同的机制,它们可能采用了不同的调控系统.     

多晶硅太阳电池的有效等离子体氢钝化

文章报道了一种用于多晶硅太阳电池氢纯化的简单试验装置，等离子体氢是通过辉光放电方法产生。三类完成电极制作的多晶硅太阳电池用于氢纯化试验，伏安特性测试结果表明，经过等离子体氢纯化后的太阳电池性能都有所提高，电池的光电转换效率相对改善高达10.6%。     

大鼠肝细胞核仁超微结构与rDNA分布位点

以常规电镜及NAMA－Ur DNA特异染色技术对Wistar大鼠肝细胞核仁的超微结构和rRNA的分布进行了观察。常规电镜技术表明大鼠肝细胞核仁纤维中心（FC）是电子透明区，数量较多，形状不规则。密集纤维组分（DFC）是围绕FC的环状结构部分，电子密度很高。FC中的染色质存在着一个介于集缩和解集缩状态之间的变化过程。NAMA－Ur DNA特异染色技术表明核仁内rDNA呈分散性分布，主要分布于DFC中（包括FC）的边缘），同时观察到与核仁相随染色质相连的核仁内rDNA呈念珠状结构。     

二氧化硫对小鼠骨髓细胞微核的诱发及沙棘油的防护作用

研究了大气中二氧化硫 (SO2 )污染物的遗传毒理效应。采用 SO2 吸入染毒法 ,模拟 SO2 大气污染 ,从整体水平直接对短期与长期 SO2 吸入诱发小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞 (PCE)形成微核 (MN)的效应及沙棘油的防护作用进行了研究。结果表明 :(1)短期与长期 SO2 吸入均可引起小鼠骨髓 PCE细胞微核率和微核细胞率显著升高 ,且有明确的剂量 -效应关系 ;(2 )随着吸入的 SO2 浓度的增高 ,不仅单微核细胞率 ,而且双微核细胞率均显著升高 ;(3) SO2对阳性致突变剂乌拉坦诱发微核的作用有显著抑制效应 ;(4 )沙棘油对 SO2 诱发 PCE微核的效应有防护作用。从此可以结论 :SO2 空气污染物是哺乳类细胞染色体断裂剂和基因毒性因子、SO2 与阳性致突变剂的联合作用是复杂的 ,某些天然物质对 SO2 的毒效应有防护作用