金属离子负载树脂对水中氨氮的吸附特征

研究了金属离子负载树脂对水中氨氮的吸附特征.金属离子负载树脂对氨氮的吸附等温线表明,温度的升高有利于吸附,且吸附等温线都符合Langmuir模型.两种金属离子负载树脂对氨氮的吸附都符合准二级动力学方程.     

菲律宾蛤仔氮、磷代谢的初步研究

在室内实验条件下研究了温度、壳长及投喂不同藻类对菲律宾蛤的氮磷排泄率的影响,实验的温度范围为８～１７℃,贝类的壳长为２９．１～５２．７ｍｍ,所有的测定均在停喂２４小时后进行．实验结果显示,菲律宾蛤仔的排氨率和排磷率与壳长呈负相关关系,而与温度呈正相关关系,壳长与氮磷排泄率的关系都符合如下模式：Ｙ＝ａＬｂ,并且随时间的推移其氮磷排泄率有下降的趋势．摄食不同单胞藻对菲律宾蛤仔氮磷排泄率影响不大．黑暗条件下菲律宾蛤仔的排氨率明显高于光照条件下,而排磷率的变动很大且不规律     

高盐、高浓度有机废水蒸发特性实验

 搭建废水动态蒸发实验装置,对精细化工行业常见的蒸氨废水、颜料生产废水开展蒸发分离实验研究以获得废水蒸发特性,为实际蒸发系统设计提供基础数据支持。结果表明：废水的沸点升高随浓缩倍数的增加而逐渐上升,来自不同工艺段的蒸氨废水、颜料生产废水由于浓度差别,在相同的浓缩倍数下沸点升高略有不同;在蒸发过程中,颜料生产废水蒸发冷凝液的COD随着蒸发的进行逐渐降低;不同种类废水蒸发冷凝液的TDS与pH值变化规律大致相同,受原液中易挥发物质及夹带液滴的影响较大,随着浓缩倍数的增加先减小后趋于恒定。     

短程反硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺在废水中的应用进展

针对传统硝化-反硝化工艺处理富含硝酸盐（NO3-）等污水的能耗高和成本高等问题,短程反硝化-厌氧氨氧化（partial denitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation,ANAMMOX）工艺以其能耗低、成本低等优点吸引了国内外研究者们关注。本文结合国内外基于PD/A工艺在污水处理中的适用性和可行性研究,分别从PD/A工艺在污水中的作用机理、影响因素和研究应用等角度出发,综述了PD/A工艺在污水中的研究进展,以期为PD/A工艺在污水中的实际应用提供一定的理论支撑     

结合Fluent的液氨泄漏扩散模拟及中毒定量评估

运用Fluent数值模拟软件计算分析液氨泄漏扩散浓度场及扩散规律,并与基于高斯烟羽模型的理论计算结果相对比,验证其结果的可靠性。结合数值模拟结果和暴露时间,对人员在静止状态及疏散状态下的死亡百分率进行定量评估。结果表明结合Fluent数值模拟的急性中毒定性评估方法能够直观、动态、可靠的反应泄漏扩散的范围及影响,具有良好的应用前景。     

Nitridation of chromium powder in ammonia atmosphere

CrN powder was synthesized by nitriding Cr metal in ammonia gas flow, and its chemical reaction mechanism and nitridation process were studied. Through thermodynamic calculations, the Cr-N-O predominance diagrams were constructed for different temperatures. Chromium nitride formed at 7002-1200℃ under relatively higher nitrogen and lower oxygen partial pressures. Phases in the products were then investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the Cr₂N content varied with reaction temperature and holding time. The results indicate that the Cr metal powder nitridation process can be explained by a diffusion model. Further, Cr₂N formed as an intermediate product because of an incomplete reaction, which was observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). After nitriding at 1000℃ for 20 h, CrN powder with an average grain size of 63 nm was obtained, and the obtained sample was analyzed by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).     

Ecological functions of ciliated protozoa in marine ecosystem： effects of ammonium on the population growth of Euplotes vannus

The effects of ammonium on the population growth of the marine ciliate, Euplotes vannus, were examined using ecotoxicological method, h is showed that ammonium exerts inhibitory effects on the growth of the ciliate populations in a concentration-dependent way. Statistical analvsis reveals that the population growth dynamics exposed to ammoniunt-N concentration over 100mg/L are significantly different from that in the control at P 〈 0.05 level. Linear regression determined that the 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h and 84h IC50 values of ammonium-N are 19.68, 201.51, 167.49, 47.86, 50.43 and 43.11 concentration over 100mg/L, respectively （ P 〈 0.05; pH 8.2; salinity 28 ppt; temperature, 25℃ ）. The results indicate that the tolerance to ammonium in E. vannus is considerably higher than that of the larvae or juveniles of some metozoa, such as cuhured prawns and oysters. Therefore, it is believed that the high tolerance to ammonium is necessary for eiliated protozoa to play positive roles in maintaining and improving water quality in marine ecosystems, especially in the intensive aquacuhure waters with high-level ammonium. In addition, the correlation between /C50 values and exposure time was discussed.     

普通活性污泥富集好氧氨氧化菌试验

用普通活性污泥在SBR反应器中富集好氧氨氧化菌,反应器的运行周期为1 d,瞬间进水,曝气21.5 h,沉淀2 h,排水0.5 h.pH控制在7.8～8.3,DO控制在0.8～1.2 mg/L,温度控制在30±2℃.采用人工配水,初始人工配水中NH 4-N的浓度为50 mg/L.待稳定后逐渐增加进水氨氮浓度至250 mg/L,每次增加幅度50 mg/L.为定量判定富集过程中好氧氨氧化菌数目的增长情况,每隔15 d对SBR反应器中的污泥进行最大可能计数法(MPN法)测试和MLSS测试.富集培养120 d后,好氧氨氧化菌浓度提高300倍.对比试验证实,pH和温度对好氧氨氧化菌的富集有明显影响.     

温度对氨吹脱工艺中氨扩散传质的影响

研究低气速下的氨吹脱系统,建立了定量的氨扩散传质动力学模型,分析系统温度对氨扩散传质的影响。结果表明,氨吹脱过程中,在废水pH值大于12的条件下,氨分子大部分通过气泡扩散,只有极少量通过液相表面扩散;氨的气液传质阻力主要来自于气膜;随着系统温度的升高,气泡直径略微减小,气泡上升时间基本稳定,液相总传质系数迅速增大,气液传质阻力大幅降低。     

氨载氢技术经济性分析

液氨做为一种含氢质量分数为17.6%的富氢物质,是氢能的理想载体.从目前氢气存储和运输的瓶颈问题出发,设计了以液氨为储氢和输氢载体的供氢方案,并以单位质量的氢气供应成本做为评价指标,对该路线与天然气、电解水和甲醇裂解制氢供氢路线进行了经济性的比较分析.结果表明,在中等制氢规模和近距离运输的模式下,氨载氢供氢方案一次投资单位供氢成本仅为51.2元.kg-1,明显低于其他制氢路线,具有较强的经济性和技术可行性.