Bulk Al–Al3Zr composite prepared by mechanical alloying and hot extrusion for high-temperature applications

Bulk Al/Al3Zr composite was prepared by a combination of mechanical alloying (MA) and hot extrusion processes. Elemental Al and Zr powders were milled for up to 10 h and heat treated at 600°C for 1 h to form stable Al3Zr. The prepared Al3Zr powder was then mixed with the pure Al powder to produce an Al–Al3Zr composite. The composite powder was finally consolidated by hot extrusion at 550°C. The mechanical properties of consolidated samples were evaluated by hardness and tension tests at room and elevated temperatures. The results show that annealing of the 10-h-milled powder at 600°C for 1 h led to the formation of a stable Al3Zr phase. Differential scanning calorime-try (DSC) results confirmed that the formation of Al3Zr began with the nucleation of a metastable phase, which subsequently transformed to the stable tetragonal Al3Zr structure. The tension yield strength of the Al?10wt%Al3Zr composite was determined to be 103 MPa, which is approximately twice that for pure Al (53 MPa). The yield stress of the Al/Al3Zr composite at 300°C is just 10% lower than that at room tem-perature, which demonstrates the strong potential for the prepared composite to be used in high-temperature structural applications.     

Tribological behavior of CrN-coated Cr-Mo-V steels used as die materials

DIN 1.2343 and 1.2367 steels are commonly used as die materials in aluminum extrusion, and single/duplex/multi-coatings enhance their surface properties. The design of an appropriate substrate/coating system is important for improving the tribological performance of these steels under service conditions because the load-carrying capacity of the system can be increased by decreasing the plastic deformation of the substrate. In this study, the tribological behavior of CrN-coated Cr-Mo-V steels (DIN 1.2343, 1.2367, and 1.2999 grades) was investigated using different setups and tribological pairs at room and elevated temperatures. The aim of this study was to reveal the wear resistance of a suggested system (1.2999/CrN) not yet studied and to understand both the wear and the failure characteristics of coated systems. The results showed that (i) among the steels studied, the DIN 1.2999 grade steel exhibited the lowest friction coefficient because it had the highest load-carrying capacity as a result of secondary hardening at elevated temperatures; (ii) at room temperature, both abrasive tracks and adhesive layers were observed on the worn surfaces; and (iii) a combination of chemical reactions and progressive oxidation caused aluminum adhesion on the worn surface, and the detachment of droplets and microcracking were the characteristic damage mechanisms at high temperatures.     

悬案于今四十年——宜兴晋周处墓铝质残片来历的分说

１９５３年发现、１９５７年首次检测的宜兴周处墓铝质残片,曾被认定是西晋人工炼铝的制品。由此,引发了公元３世纪能否炼制金属铝以及残片确系晋代遗物还是后世混入物的讨论。该文通过调查,对铝质残片的发现、检测、质疑和存疑作了分说,就天然铝的发现和火法炼铝的当代工业试验作了陈述。附录Ａ介绍了宜兴溪隐村下龙潭铝铜合金有孔圆片的出现和初步检测结果;附录Ｂ为李学勤先生对同地出土的铜镜所作的年代鉴定。作者认为周处墓铝质残片的来历及其年代迄今尚无定论,悬案有待勘破,学界仍须努力。最终结果究竟如何,并不是最重要的。弘扬科学精神,拓展科学实践,不懈地探求真知,才是为学的根本。提倡思想自由,学术独立和宽容精神,才会有真正的学术繁荣     

核壳型碳-铝复合纳米粒子的制备及其抗氧化性能研究

纳米铝粉由于具有较小的粒径和较高的比表面积因此在含能材料中具有很大的潜在应用,但由于纳米铝粉的高化学反应活性,因而其对所处环境特别敏感,极易在空气和潮湿环境中被氧化而失去活性.碳包覆技术是近年来采用的新型纳米粒子包覆技术,是指在金属纳米粒子表面形成碳包覆层从而可有效地保护纳米粒子不受环境的影响而发生氧化反应或者其它反应,同时也为研究封闭环境中纳米材料的性质提供了一种新途径.本文采用碳弧法制备了碳包铝复合纳米粒子,研究影响其形貌的因素和室温抗氧化性能.结果表明：碳弧法制备的碳铝复合物是20～60nm之间的具核壳结构的球形纳米粒子,内核为fcc结构的Al,外壳为4～10层类石墨碳膜 碳铝比例、放电电压和反应气压都能对碳铝复合纳米粒子的包覆性能和粒径产生直接的影响.铝含量低时碳层包覆性能较好并且粒径较小,铝含量增大包覆性能会下降、纳米粒子粒径会随金属含量增加而增加 包覆性能随放电电流反应气体压强增大会有所下降,在200A时纳米粒子的粒径达到最大值 粒径随反应气压增大而增大.当金属含量为60%、电流为125A、惰性气体气压为0.06MPa时制备的碳铝纳米粒子包覆比较完整,粒径较小,通过对工艺参数调整和优化,可制备出包覆比较完整、大小均匀、粒径较小、纯度高的核壳型碳包铝纳米粒子.     

热暴露过程中7050铝合金的微观组织与性能的研究

采用透射电子显微镜和拉伸实验研究了不同热暴露条件下7050-T7651铝合金微观组织和拉伸力学性能.结果表明：未经热暴露的7050-T7651铝合金中主要析出相为Guinierprestonzone（GP区）和η′相,其中η′相与基体的取向关系为[0001]η′//[11]Al,（100）η′//（110）Al.随后7050-T7651铝合金在不同温度下分别热暴露500h,随着热暴露温度的提高,合金中析出相长大越明显,晶界附近无沉淀析出带（PFZ）宽化也越明显 热暴露温度提高,合金强度下降越多.7050-T7651铝合金经过长时间热暴露后强度下降、塑性提高的主要原因是晶内主要强化相GP区和η′相的长大粗化以及晶界附近无沉淀析出带（PFZ）宽化.     

聚合硫酸铝的制备及其混凝性能

本实验以硫酸铝和活性氢氧化铝为主要原材料制备了高稳定性的聚合硫酸铝(PAS),并对其混凝性能进行了研究.对PAS的稀释稳定性和触水后快速水解特性进行了分析探讨,考察了PAS的盐基度、投加量、水温和水的pH等因素对其混凝性能的影响.结果表明,当PAS的盐基度为50%时,其混凝除浊和对化学耗氧量(CODCr)的去除率最高;与聚合氯化铝(PAC)和硫酸铝相比,PAS不仅具有水解速度快、絮体大、沉降快、除浊效果好的特点,而且在低温和低pH条件下,仍具有优良的混凝沉降性能.     

微波消解-阻抑动力学光度法测定面食品中的微量铝

利用微波消解法前处理样品,在pH=11.39的NH3-NH4Cl缓冲溶液中,在阳离子表面活性剂TPB的存在下,Al3+对KIO4氧化间甲酚紫(m-CP)的褪色反应具有强烈的阻抑作用,据此建立了阻抑动力学光度法测定痕量Al3+的新方法.本方法的线性范围为1～8μg/25 mL,检出限为2.32×10μg/mL,回收率为99.2%～100.8%,可用于测定面食品中的微量Al3+,结果令人满意.     

建筑用铝合金的疲劳性能试验

作为一种建筑金属材料,铝合金对应力集中和裂纹比较敏感。经过固熔热处理、人工时效、挤压成型等处理后,铝合金构件的疲劳强度相对较低,抗疲劳能力差。为研究6061-T 6和6005-T 5两种典型的铝合金材料的疲劳性能,通过常规试验方法分别对这两组铝合金光滑板试件进行了轴向拉伸疲劳试验。在循环次数为104~2×106时测定了两种材料的S-N曲线。试验结果发现:铝合金的疲劳强度大致与抗拉强度成正比,抗拉强度高的疲劳强度也高。     

氟化铝对镁铝尖晶石晶相结构及性能影响的研究

用铝型材厂阳极氧化废渣和碱式碳酸镁((MgCO3)4·Mg(OH)2·5H2O)为主要原料固相烧结合成镁铝尖晶石(MgAl2O4),探讨氟化铝(AlF3)矿化剂对合成的MgAl2O4晶相结构、晶胞参数及微观形貌的影响.用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)及相关分析软件等表征得到MgAl2O4.结果表明,添加AlF3的各样品都形成2种晶相:镁铝尖晶石固溶体(Mg0.68Al0.32)(Al0.84Mg0.16)2O4和镁橄榄石固溶体Mg1.81Fe0.19(SiO4).确定2%(质量分数)为最佳添加量,此时试样中MgAl2O4固溶体含量最高为95%,体积密度最高为3.44g·cm-3,显气孔率最小为1.89%,抗弯强度达到151.9 MPa.     

泡沫铝夹心板轧制预制坯的粉末冶金发泡工艺

对采用轧制复合法制备的发泡预制坯的粉末冶金发泡过程进行了研究,确定了制得的泡沫铝夹心板的组织及物相,分析了发泡剂TiH2颗粒尺寸及团聚对发泡效果的影响.研究结果表明:轧制坯充分发泡后,泡壁主要有Al3.21Si0.47,Ti及Ti3O相,Ti和Ti3O颗粒同泡壁结合紧密;预制坯内大尺寸发泡剂TiH2颗粒的周围易形成微裂纹,发泡时裂纹的宽度可扩展至100μm以上,裂纹周围的泡孔发育不良;混料及轧制阶段形成的TiH2团聚导致局部发泡驱动力过大,发泡后芯层内易形成大尺寸泡孔.