铝合金圆管挤压成形的切线分流桥模具结构分析

挤压成形是铝合金产品成形的主要手段之一。对一般的空心型材制品,由于挤压成形本身的工艺特点,不可避免的会在产品表面产生挤压焊合线,影响到产品的表面质量。对圆管型材制品,给出了一种切线分流桥的结构,能够减轻甚至避免圆管表面出现明显焊合线;并通过数值模拟分析,发现了该种模具设计方案增加了金属在焊合室中的横向流动能力,有效的改善了金属挤压焊合的质量和流动均匀性。     

表面纳米化对7055铝合金耐磨性能的影响

为了研究表面纳米化对7055铝合金耐磨性能的影响,利用高能喷丸(High Energy Shot Peening, HESP)技术对7055铝合金材料进行表面纳米化处理,在7055铝合金表面获得纳米结构。利用透射电镜分析纳米化前后微观组织的变化,同时对纳米化材料表层进行残余应力及显微硬度测定,并采用球盘磨损试验机研究了纳米化表面对固定载荷条件下7055铝合金材料磨损性能的影响。结果表明：表面纳米化使7055铝合金材料表面发生严重塑性变形,材料表面分布较高幅值残余压应力,最大可达到-369MPa, 残余压应力层深度达0.6mm;纳米化后试样显微硬度较基体提高了50%。摩擦磨损实验表明：表面纳米化从一定程度降低了7055铝合金材料表面摩擦系数,且磨损失重是未处理试样的32%,表明高能喷丸表面纳米化有效改善了7055铝合金材料的耐磨性能。     

纤维增强复合材料在电网中的应用

 纤维增强复合材料具有轻质、高强、耐蚀、绝缘、环保等性能,在电力行业输配电网络中已有广泛应用。综述了纤维增强复合材料在电网中的应用,主要包括复合绝缘子、复合材料杆塔、复合材料电力金具、碳纤维复合材料芯导线及复合材料电力安全工器具等。分析表明,纤维增强复合材料性能优良,能够满足现行环保节能新要求,未来具有巨大发展潜力。     

镁元素对挤压高铝锌合金的组织与性能的影响

研究了镁元素对挤压高铝锌合金的组织和力学性能的影响,结果表明：与未加镁的合金相比,加入0.015%Mg,合金挤压态的抗拉强度从366 MPa提高到467 MPa、布氏硬度从HB91提高到HB114,伸长率从43.6%降低到27%;在320 ℃×2 h固溶处理水淬室温自然时效状态下,合金的抗拉强度从389 MPa提高到488 MPa,布氏硬度从HB107提高到HB139,伸长率从41%降低到28.3%;镁元素影响过饱和β相转变和分解产物形态,能阻碍合金的共析分解和室温时效脱溶析出。     

Extraction and characterization of alumina nanopowders from aluminum dross by acid dissolution process

A significant amount of aluminum dross is available as a waste in foundry industries in Bangladesh. In this study, alumina was extracted from aluminum dross collected from two foundry industries situated in Dhamrai and Manikgang, near the capital city, Dhaka. Aluminum dross samples were found to approximately contain 75wt% Al₂O₃ and 12wt% SiO₂. An acid dissolution process was used to recover the alumina value from the dross. The effects of various parameters, e.g., temperature, acid concentration, and leaching time, on the extraction of alumina were studied to optimize the dissolution process. First, Al(OH)₃ was produced in the form of a gel. Calcination of the Al(OH)₃ gel at 1000℃, 1200℃, and 1400℃ for 2 h produced θ-Al₂O₃, (α+θ)-Al₂O₃, and α-alumina powder, respectively. Thermal characterization of the Al(OH)₃ gel was performed by thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The phases and crystallite size of the alumina were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The dimensions of the alumina were found to be on the nano level. The chemical compositions of the aluminum dross and alumina were determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. The microstructure and morphology of the alumina were studied with scanning electron microscopy. The purity of the alumina extracted in this study was found to be 99.0%. Thus, it is expected that the obtained alumina powders can be potentially utilized as biomaterials.     

Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of Al-2024 alloy processed via a rheocasting route

This article reports the effects of stirring speed and T6 heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-2024 alloy synthesized by a rheocasting process. There was a decrease in grain size of α-Al particles corresponding to an increase in stirring speed. By increasing the stirring speed, however, the globularity of matrix particles first increased and then declined. It was also found that the hardness, compressive strength, and compressive strain increased with the increase of stirring speed. Microstructural studies revealed the presence of nonsoluble Al₁₅(CuFeMn)₃Si₂ phase in the vicinity of CuAl₂ in the rheocast samples. The required time for the solution treatment stage was also influenced by stirring speed; the solution treatment time decreased with the increase in stirring speed. Furthermore, the rheocast samples required a longer homogenization period compared to conventionally wrought alloys. Improvements in hardness and compressive properties were observed after T6 heat treatment.     

Effects of cooling rate and Al on MnS formation in medium-carbon non-quenched and tempered steels

The effect of Al on the morphology of MnS in medium-carbon non-quenched and tempered steel was investigated at three different cooling rates of 0.24, 0.43, and 200℃·s-1. The formation mechanisms of three types of MnS were elucidated based on phase diagram information combined with crystal growth models. The morphology of MnS is governed by the precipitation mode and the growth conditions. A monotectic reaction and subsequent fast solidification lead to globular Type I MnS. Type II MnS inclusions with different morphological characteristics form as a result of a eutectic reaction followed by the growth in the Fe matrix. Type III MnS presents a divorced eutectic morphology. At the cooling rate of 0.24℃·s-1, the precipitation of dispersed Type III MnS is significantly enhanced by the addition of 0.044wt% acid-soluble Al (Al_s), while Type II MnS clusters prefer to form in steels with either 0.034wt% or 0.052wt% Al_s. At the relatively higher cooling rates of 200℃·s-1 and 0.43℃·s-1, the formation of Type I and Type II MnS inclusions is promoted, and the influence of Al is negligible. The results of this work are expected to be employed in practice to improve the mechanical properties of non-quenched and tempered steels.     

Electrochemical investigation on the hydrogen permeation behavior of 7075-T6 Al alloy and its influence on stress corrosion cracking

The hydrogen permeation behavior and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of precharged 7075-T6 Al alloy were investigated in this paper. Devanthan–Stachurski (D-S) cell tests were used to measure the apparent hydrogen diffusivity and hydrogen permeation current density of specimens immersed in 3.5wt% NaCl solution. Electrochemical experiment results show that the SCC susceptibility is low during anodic polarization. Both corrosion pits and hydrogen-induced cracking are evident in scanning electron microscope images after the specimens have been charging for 24 h.     

Damage prediction of 7025 aluminum alloy during equal-channel angular pressing

Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is a prominent technique that imposes severe plastic deformation into materials to enhance their mechanical properties. In this research, experimental and numerical approaches were utilized to investigate the mechanical properties, strain behavior, and damage prediction of ECAPed 7025 aluminum alloy in various conditions, such as die channel angle, outer corner angle, and friction coefficient. Experimental results indicate that, after the first pass, the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and hardness magnitude are improved by approximately 95%, 28%, and 48.5%, respectively, compared with the annealed state, mainly due to grain refinement during the deformation. Finite element analysis shows that the influence of die channel angle is more important than that of outer corner angle or friction coefficient on both the strain behavior and the damage prediction. Also, surface cracks are the main cause of damage during the ECAP process for every die channel angle except for 90°; however, the cracks initiated from the neighborhood of the central regions are the possible cause of damage in the ECAPed sample with the die channel angle of 90°.     

Dielectric properties of spark plasma sintered AlN/SiC composite ceramics

In this study, we have investigated how the dielectric loss tangent and permittivity of AlN ceramics are affected by factors such as powder mixing methods, milling time, sintering temperature, and the addition of a second conductive phase. All ceramic samples were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) under a pressure of 30 MPa. AlN composite ceramics sintered with 30wt%–40wt% SiC at 1600℃ for 5 min exhibited the best dielectric loss tangent, which is greater than 0.3. In addition to AlN and β-SiC, the samples also contained 2H-SiC and Fe₅Si₃, as detected by X-ray difraction (XRD). The relative densities of the sintered ceramics were higher than 93%. Experimental results indicate that nano-SiC has a strong capability of absorbing electromagnetic waves. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of AlN-SiC ceramics with the same content of SiC decreased as the frequency of electromagnetic waves increased from 1 kHz to 1 MHz.