基于J-C本构模型的2A12铝合金高速铣削特性研究

针对高速切削过程中切削参数选取优化问题,基于ABAQUS软件建立硬质合金刀具高速切削2A12铝合金有限元模型,通过仿真方法分析切削参数和刀具参数对切削力的影响,并进行铣削实验对仿真结果进行对比.误差在17%以内,验证了仿真模型的可用性.为高速铣削铝合金工件过程中,选择合理刀具几何参数与切削参数提供了理论依据.     

直接使用半固态等温热处理法将工业冷轧ZL104铝合金制备成半固态坯

Semi-solid isothermal heat treatment was proposed to directly process cold-rolled ZL104 aluminum alloys and obtain semi-solid billets. The effects of two process parameters, namely, temperature and processing time, on the microstructure and hardness of the resulting billets were also experimentally examined. Average grain size (AGS) increased and the shape factor (SF) of the grain improved as the process temperature increased. The SF of the grain also increased with increasing processing time, and the AGS was augmented when the processing time was prolonged from 5 to 20 min at 570°C. The hardness of the aluminum alloy decreased because of the increase in AGS with increasing temperature and processing time. The optimal temperature and time for the preparation of semi-solid ZL104 aluminum alloys were 570°C and 5 min, respectively. Under optimal process parameters, the AGS, SF, and hardness of the resulting alloy were 35.88 μm, 0.81, and 55.24 MPa, respectively. The Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner relationship was analyzed to determine the coarsening rate constant at 570°C, and a rate constant of 1357.2 μm3/s was obtained.     

焊接速度对自适应双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接Al–Mg合金接头微观组织和机械性能的影响

The butt welds of 4-mm thick 5A06 aluminum alloy plates were produced by adjustable-gap bobbin-tool friction stir travel with travel speeds of 200, 300, and 400 mm/min in this study. The microstructure was studied using optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Tensile tests and microhardness measurements were performed to identify the effect of the travel speed on the joint mechanical properties. Sound joints were obtained at 200 mm/min while voids were present at different positions of the joints as the travel speed increased. The EBSD results show that the grain size, high angle grain boundaries, and density of geometrically necessary dislocations in different regions of the joint vary depending on the recovery and recrystallization behavior. Specific attention was given to the relationship between the local microstructure and mechanical properties. Microhardness measurements show that the average hardness of the stir zone (SZ) was greater than that of the base material, which was only affected slightly by the travel speed. The tensile strength of the joint decreased with increasing travel speed and the maximal strength efficiency reached 99%.     

碳包覆Ti3AlC2增强银基复合材料的制备与性能

Ti₃AlC₂-reinforced Ag-based composites, which are used as sliding current collectors, electrical contacts, and electrode materials, exhibit remarkable performances. However, the interfacial reactions between Ag and Ti₃AlC₂ significantly degrade the electrical and thermal properties of these composites. To diminish these interfacial reactions, we fabricated carbon-coated Ti₃AlC₂ particles (C@Ti₃AlC₂) as reinforcement and prepared Ag–10wt%C@Ti₃AlC₂ composites with carbon-layer thicknesses ranging from 50–200 nm. Compared with the uncoated Ag–Ti₃AlC₂ composite, Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ was found to have a better distribution of Ti₃AlC₂ particles. With increases in the carbon-layer thickness, the Vickers hardness value and relative density of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ gradually decreases. With a carbon-layer thickness of 150 nm, we obtained the lowest resistivity of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ of 29.4 135.5×10?9 Ω·m, which is half that of Ag–Ti₃AlC₂ (66.7 × 10?9 Ω·m). The thermal conductivity of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ reached a maximum value of 135.5 W·m?1·K?1 with a 200-nm carbon coating (~1.8 times that of Ag–Ti₃AlC₂). These results indicate that the carbon-coating method is a feasible strategy for improving the performance of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ composites.     

铝含量和退火温度对锆铝合金组织性能的影响

为丰富空间结构材料种类,扩大Zr合金的应用范围,利用非自耗电弧炉熔炼了Al含量分别为2%,3%和4%（质量分数）的Zr-Al二元合金,在真空管式炉内分别进行750 ℃和800 ℃保温4 h的退火处理,借助光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜分析合金的微观组织和断口形貌,并进行硬度测定和拉伸试验。结果表明：经750 ℃保温4 h退火处理后,Zr-4Al合金的铸态组织由α-Zr和Zr₂Al转变为α-Zr和塑性更好的Zr₃Al相;在相同热处理条件下,随着Al含量的增加,合金的硬度及抗拉强度升高,延伸率下降;当Al含量相同时,随着热处理温度的升高,合金硬度、抗拉强度及延伸率下降。因此,采用向Zr中添加适量Al元素并辅之热处理的方法,可制备一种新型的Zr-Al合金,为开发新型空间结构材料提供了一种新思路。     

半固态触变力的上限解

采用上界理论解法,求解半固态A356铝合金触变成形力·假定变形体为质点连续分布的刚塑性材料,设定连续函数速度场,将变形区分为圆盘和圆环两个塑性区、一个圆环刚性区等三个区,计算结果表明,触变成形力为82298kN,与实测结果在误差允许范围内拟合良好;变形力与变形区的尺寸有很大关系,当侧壁及下部圆盘愈厚时,变形力愈小;反之,变形力愈大     

对碳酸饮料中二氧化碳含量确定的新认识

本文以含糖可乐和保健可乐/水为例,分析了影响碳酸饮料中压力-温度-二氧化碳含量之间关系的主要因素,指出不管饮料的品种和包装材料有何不同一律使用同一张二氧化碳含量倍数表是不恰当的.同时推荐两张适用于罐装含糖可乐和保健可乐/水的新的二氧化碳含量倍数表.     

6063铝合金的热塑性实验研究

以6063铝合金为试验材料镦粗法为实验方法，使用热力模拟机Gleeble-1500，通过鼓度来估算摩擦因子，进而通过圆柱镦粗主应力解来修正计算值，求得真实应力，获得6063铝合金真实应力－应变曲线，该试验对同类其它铝合金材料同样适应，并对实际生产具有一定的指导作用。     

金属铝整体式载体催化剂的油烟净化性能研究

制备了金属铝做基质的整体式催化剂，并对该催化剂进行了油烟净化性能的初步研究．采用淬火、活性测定、XRD等手段考察了用溶胶—凝胶法、水解法和碱处理三种方法制备的Al2O3层的牢固度和制备的催化剂活性．结果表明，水解法制的溶胶牢固度较好，但活性不如溶胶—凝胶法所制溶胶;Na2CO3处理过的载体牢固度差，负载贵金属后有一定活性．另外，加入B2O和CeO2助剂可提高催化剂活性和热稳定性．     

综合利用煤矸石资源

煤矸石是煤炭工业的固体废弃物，一般含Ａｌ２Ｏ３在２０～３０％，又是宝贵的铝资源。煤矸石可用酸浸取以制备铝盐，浸取渣经适当处理，可制得廉价的吸附剂。实验结果表明，煤矸石中Ａｌ２Ｏ３的溶出率可达９５％以上，制得的吸附剂具有良好的吸附性能。煤矸石的酸浸取液可直接作为废水处理的絮凝剂使用，制得的吸附剂也可直接用于工业废水处理，达到以废治废的目的。通过煤矸石的综合利用，还能产生一定的经济效益，实现环境效益和经济效益的统一。