丹瓜方对转基因糖尿病小鼠心脏损伤的作用

探讨丹瓜方对转基因糖尿病小鼠心脏组织的影响。32只A poE-/-小鼠数字随机等分为模型组、丹瓜方组、联合用药组（丹瓜方＋吡格列酮）、吡格列酮组。喂以普通饲料，各组分别给药12周。小鼠处死，取心脏、匀浆，免疫组化测心脏血清反应因子（SR F）含量；解剖冠状动脉，光镜观察比较。结果：与模型组比较，联合用药组与丹瓜方组SR F阳性率降低有显著性差异（P＜0.01）；形态学观察，丹瓜方组与联合用药组冠状动脉内膜大部分无增厚。结果表明：丹瓜方对糖尿病小鼠心脏具有保护作用。     

The development and function of regulatory T cells

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a critical subset of T cells that mediate peripheral tolerance. There are two types of Tregs: natural Tregs, which develop in the thymus, and induced Tregs, which are derived from naive CD4⁺ T cells in the periphery. Tregs utilize a variety of mechanisms to suppress the immune response. While Tregs are critical for the peripheral maintenance of potential autoreactive T cells, they can also be detrimental by preventing effective anti-tumor responses and sterilizing immunity against pathogens. In this review, we will discuss the development of natural and induced Tregs as well as the role of Tregs in a variety of disease settings and the mechanisms they utilize for suppression. C. J. Workman, A. L. Szymczak-Workman, L. W. Collison, and M. R. Pillai contributed equally.     

武汉科技大学教职工血糖血脂检测结果分析

采用酶标法对武汉科技大学８３０名中老年教职工的血糖血脂进行了检测。检测结果表明，随着年龄的增长，该校中老年教职工的血糖血脂升高的比率呈上升趋势。指出原因是饮食结构不合理，以及从事繁重的脑力劳动。对防治血糖血脂升高提出了建议。     

ADTIQ导致SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡和多巴胺转运体表达降低

新内源性神经毒素1-乙酰基-6,7-二羟基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉(ADTIQ)生成与糖代谢密切相关,可能成为糖尿病并发PD的一个关键因素,但是其神经毒性还不清楚.针对ADTIQ的神经毒性,该研究采用SH-SY5Y细胞为模型,MTT法,Annexin V/PI双染法,Caspase 3/7活性检测细胞存活率和细胞凋亡,Western-blot检测多巴胺转运体(DAT)的表达量.结果表明,随着ADTIQ浓度增大,细胞的存活率逐渐下降,凋亡率增加,同时ADTIQ导致DAT表达降低.研究提示ADTIQ导致多巴胺神经元的凋亡与PD的发生息息相关,糖尿病引起ADTIQ增加,可能成为高糖损伤多巴胺神经元的一个重要原因.     

FGF-21对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌氧化应激影响的研究

目的探讨成纤维细胞生长因子-21（FGF-21）对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌氧化应激的影响。方法用高热量脂肪饮食联合小剂量链脲佐菌素建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,随机分成2型糖尿病组与FGF-21治疗组,并与正常对照组比较。测定三组问大鼠血浆及心肌组织葡萄糖糖、胰岛素、FGF-21、脂质产物及氧化应激指标的变化。结果2型糖尿病组血糖、胰岛素、游离脂肪酸（FFAs）、甘油三酯、FGF-21及氧化应激指标平均水平较其他两组显著增高（P〈0．05）。FGF-21治疗组血糖、胰岛素、FFAs、甘油三酯及氧化应激指标平均水平较2型糖尿病组显著降低（P〈0．05）,与对照组无差异。结论FGF-21可以改善2型糖尿病大鼠心肌心肌氧化应激状态,并参与调控2型糖尿病代谢紊乱。     

动态血糖监测系统在稳定1型糖尿病患者血糖谱中的作用研究

目的：通过比较点血糖测定方法与动态血糖测定方法对1型糖尿病患者制定治疗方案的影响，为1型糖尿病患者制定合理的胰岛素治疗方案提供客观依据，最终减少低血糖事件的发生及避免高血糖对机体带来的损伤。方法：选40例1型糖尿病患者为研究对象，随机分为两组，分别为点血糖监测组和动态血糖监测组。以发现无感知低血糖次数，发生现症低血糖和酮症的次数为比较对象，来评价血糖谱的稳定性。依据监测到的血糖谱调整治疗方案，血糖平稳所需治疗时间及血糖漂移幅度来评价血糖检测方法的优越性。结果：采用动态血糖监测组调整治疗方案所需时间短，血糖波动幅度小。结论：利用动态血糖监测系统监测血糖与点血糖测定方法相比，在稳定1型糖尿病患者血糖谱的研究中具有明显的优越性。     

犬猫糖尿病

糖尿病是犬猫最常见的代谢内分泌病，本文就犬猫糖尿病的分类、病因、发病机理、临床症状、临床病理学、食饵治疗、口服降糖药和胰岛素治疗方面作了较为详细的阐述     

Alloxan acts as a prooxidant only under reducing conditions: influence of melatonin

Depending on the availability of suitable reducing agents, alloxan can be either a prooxidant or an antioxidant. Alloxan and its reduced derivative, dialuric acid, act as a redox couple, driven by reduced glutathione (GSH) or L-cysteine, generating in vitro in the presence of oxygen, both superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide. The production of superoxide radicals was shown by the appearance of lucigenin chemiluminescence (CL) as well as by the generation of formazan from nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT). The lucigenin CL as well as the NBT reduction was inhibited by superoxide dismutase and partially by catalase. Melatonin inhibited alloxan-mediated CL. In contrast, in the absence of reducing agents, alloxan is a scavenger of superoxide radicals formed by other reactions. Because of the high content of reducing compounds in the cell (e.g. glutathione), it is suggested that alloxan acts in vivo mainly as a generator of reactive oxygen species. Received 9 November 1998; received after revision 15 January 1999; accepted 15 January 1999     

Adenovirus-mediated<Emphasis Type="Italic">CTLA4-FasL</Emphasis> gene transfer prevents autoimmune diabetes in mice induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin

Type 1 diabetes is the result of a selective destruction of insulin-producing β cells in pancreatic islets by autoreactive T cells. Depletion of autoreactive T cell through apoptosis may be a potential strategy for the prevention of autoimmune diabetes. Simultaneous stimulation of Fas-mediated pathway and blockade of costimulation by a CTLA4-FasL fusion protein has been reported to lead to substantial inhibition of mixed lymphocyte reaction and enhanced in vitro apoptosis of peripheral lymphocytes. To test the feasibility of CTLA4-FasL-based gene therapy to prevent autoimmune diabetes, we developed recombinant adenovirus containing human CTLA4-FasL gene (AdCTLA4-FasL). A single injection of 2×10~8 plaque forming units (PFU) of AdCTLA4-FasL via tail vein dramatically reduced the incidence of autoimmune diabetes in mice induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin. AdCTLA4-FasL administration maintained islet insulin content, significantly increased apoptosis of pancreatic lymphocytes, quantitatively     

Permeation of vanadium（Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ）-dipicolinate complexes across MDCK cell monolayer and comparison with Caco-2 cells

The permeation and eytotoxicity of three insulin-mimetic vanadium（Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ）-dipicolinate complexes were studied using the MDCK cell monolayer in comparison with the Caeo-2 cells. On MDCK cell monolayer, the apparent permeation coefficients （Papp） were estimated to be （7.5±1.0）×10^-6, （1.0±0.2）×10^-6, （1.7±0.4）× 10^-6cm/s for V（Ⅴ）, V（Ⅵ）, and V（Ⅲ）-dipie complexes, respectively. The permeability of V（Ⅴ）-dipie complexes is much better than the others, which is in agreement with its better hypoglycemie effect in animal tests. On Caeo-2 cell monolayer, Papp were found to be in the range of 1-3×10^-6 ends and not to be affected by excessive amounts of dipieolinate ligand. By contrast, the permeability in the AP→BL direction across the MDCK monolayer increased greatly in the presence of free ligands, suggesting existence of active transport mechanism of vanadium complex anions on the MDCK cells. The eytotoxieity of the three complexes was found similar and the IC50 were measured in the range of 0.6-0.9 mmol/L for MDCK cells and 1.6--2 mmol/L for Caco-2 cells. The cytotoxicity of three vanadium complexes was conceivably in consistence with their permeability, suggesting that the toxicity, permeation and cellular metabolism of vanadium complexes are closely related.