免疫佐剂及其作用机制

免疫佐剂在疫苗免疫中起着巨大的作用，传统疫苗和新型疫苗在研究和实践中暴露的问题推动了免疫佐剂的研究，使生物科学家开始对佐剂的研究越来越关注，新型佐剂和新型疫苗正成为当今科技攻关的重点项目。本文总述了矿物质佐剂、油佐剂等传统佐剂和分子佐剂等新型佐剂的优缺点及其作用机制的研究进展，以期增加对免疫佐剂及其作用机制的认识．     

Heat shock proteins in autoimmune disease. From causative antigen to specific therapy?

Heat shock proteins (hsp) are highly conserved from bacteria to man. Bacterial hsp, with approximate molecular weights of 60 kDa (hsp60), are immunodominant antigens that are immunologically cross-reactive with their mammalian counterparts. Hsp molecules are therefore useful in studies of fundamental questions concerning immune responses to foreign as opposed to self antigens. The finding that immune responses to hsp are associated with both experimentally-induced and spontaneous autoimmune diseases in animals has prompted intensive research to assess the role of bacterial hsp as the etiological agents involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. Recent evidence from animal models of autoimmune disease has clearly demonstrated the involvement of hsp in both the pathogenesis and the immunoregulation of autoimmune diseases. Studies with arthritogenic and diabetogenic T cell clones have identified immunogenic epitopes of hsp. These have been shown to ameliorate adjuvant arthritis in Lewis rats, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Such studies may have important therapeutic implications for the future treatment of human autoimmune disease.Dedicated to Professor Hermann A. Moser on the occasion of his 71st birthday.     

苯甲酸助燃氧弹量热法测定高燃点物质的燃烧热

通过实验研究了用苯甲酸作助燃剂测定高燃点物质的引燃方法，该法能使实验一次点火成功率达到100％，样品燃烧完全且对测定结果无影响。应用于重油发热量的测定，其结果符合平行样测定极差小于167J／g的国家标准。     

The humoral immune response to heat shock proteins

Humoral immune reactions to heat shock proteins (hsp) from microorganisms are one aspect of microbial infections in humans. The production of antibodies which are specific to epitopes present on procaryotic hsp leads also to the appearance of cross-reactive serum antibodies in the host organism that react with human hsp. This article discusses the consequences of such autoreactive antibodies for the host in context with the development of immune tolerance and autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and in experimental animal models for arthritis such as adjuvant arthritis in rats. On the basis of epitope cross-reactivity between hsp and other host proteins, a hypothesis is presented for the development of autoimmune disease following the production of hsp-specific antibodies.     

纳米BiOBr/I复合材料微观形貌的影响因素及其形成机理

采用低温沉淀法合成的Bi OBr/I复合材料,具有独特的微观形貌特征.通过FESEM和XRD的一系列表征可见:辅助剂的不同含量和混合溶剂的不同比例对其独特形貌及其形成机理具有明显的影响.     

电子游戏用于疾病辅助治疗的研究进展

 电子游戏辅助治疗是近年来发展起来的一种新型的治疗手段。电子游戏和心理学原理是实现该疗法的重要因素,二者结合是该疗法较好应用的关键。本文介绍了电子游戏应用于医学领域的可能机制,综述了其在各类疾病中的应用现状。在疗法效果、可操作性和应用定位角度,指出了现存的难点问题,并在多方面提出了可能的改进和优化手段。游戏辅助治疗通过其独特的交互性和私密性优势,在患者中的接受度较高,这将成为未来医学领域的一项重要研究方向。进一步扩大适应证,并培养医学与游戏相结合的专业人才和系统,是今后的发展重点。     

Putting endotoxin to work for us: Monophosphoryl lipid A as a safe and effective vaccine adjuvant

The development of non-infectious subunit vaccines greatly increases the safety of prophylactic immunization, but also reinforces the need for a new generation of immunostimulatory adjuvants. Because adverse effects are a paramount concern in prophylactic immunization, few new adjuvants have received approval for use anywhere in the developed world. The vaccine adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A is a detoxified form of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide, and is among the first of a new generation of Toll-like receptor agonists likely to be used as vaccine adjuvants on a mass scale in human populations. Much remains to be learned about this compound’s mechanism of action, but recent developments have made clear that it is unlikely to be simply a weak version of lipopolysaccharide. Instead, monophosphoryl lipid A’s structure seems to have fortuitously retained several functions needed for stimulation of adaptive immune responses, while shedding those associated with pro-inflammatory side effects. Received 25 April 2008; received after revision 05 June 2008; accepted 10 June 2008     

重组乙肝表面抗原结合蛋白(SBP)的制备及功能研究

先前的研究发现乙肝病毒表面抗原结合蛋白(Hepatitis B virus surface antigen binding protein,SBP)能够与乙肝病毒表面抗原结合并促进HBsAg与肝细胞的亲和性,为进一步探索该分子对免疫应答的调节功能,构建了表达载体pBV-SBP,并在E.coliDH5α中表达重组SBP.以Balb/c小鼠为试验对象,分为SBP试验组和对照组,首次注射乙肝疫苗21 d后,测定两组小鼠血清中抗乙肝疫苗抗体的效价.结果显示SBP试验组小鼠血清中抗乙肝疫苗抗体效价的平均值约为对照组的3.0倍(P<0.01),表明SBP能够显著提高乙肝疫苗的免疫效力,在试验期间Balb/c小鼠总体IgG水平未见显著变化.     

VR在儿童孤独谱系障碍辅助治疗中的应用

 概述了虚拟现实技术的特性，及其在医疗和精神卫生方面的研究与应用情况；介绍了孤独谱系障碍（ASD）发现与认识深化的过程，以及现有各种非药物治疗方法的分类和比较。通过分析虚拟现实技术与ASD的相关性，阐述虚拟现实技术应用于ASD研究和辅助治疗的过程和最新进展。深入剖析了虚拟现实技术在ASD辅助治疗中面临的问题，相应的解决方法，发现的新现象和新思路，以及通过大量实验总结的经验和技巧。探讨了进一步研究和实验的方向。     

Feasibility Study of Aluminum Hydroxide Sol as Adjuvant to Prepare Stable Vaccine Using Newcastle Disease Virus as a Model

Aluminum hydroxide sol (consisting of aluminum hydroxide nano-particles) prepared by a hydrothermal method was used as nano-aluminum adjuvant adsorbed the inactived Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The zeta potential of aluminum hydroxide colloidal particles,the inactivated NDV and the nano-aluminum adjuvant NDV are +48.16 mV,?13.8 mV and +39.97 mV,respec-tively. The nano-aluminum adjuvant vaccine was transparent and stable without precipitate,whereas the conventional aluminum ad-juvant vaccine was turbid and a white precipitate was visible soon. The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers of the nano-aluminum adjuvant group were generally higher than those of the conventional aluminum group except the titer on day 29. The results show that the nano-aluminum adjuvant has better stability and higher levels of antibodies for a longer time than the conventional aluminum adjuvant.