稀燃汽油机Nox排放控制的实验研究

开发了一套适用于稀燃汽油机的电控节气门系统以配合NOx吸附 还原催化转化器的再生过程.该系统对节气门开度以及点火提前角施以相应的特殊控制,以满足NOx吸附 还原催化转化器的工作要求,同时保持输出功率的稳定.将稀燃NOx吸附 还原催化转化器配合三效催化转化器应用于丰田8A16气门EFI发动机进行稀燃匹配实验,大大降低稀燃发动机的NOx排放,NOx排放最低可达50×10-6,最高转化率达91%.发动机浓稀转换频率越低,NOx排放越高,但其对NOx排放总体影响不大;负荷对NOx排放的影响较大,负荷越大,NOx排放越高.     

排污权期权价值评估模型研究

应用实物期权理论,尝试建立的排污权期权价值评估模型,给出了关于时间、购买排污权支出等排污权期权价值解析表达式.利用此解析表达式,不仅可以帮助厂商分析和评估所要购买的排污权期权价值,还有助于厂商做出是否购买排污权的科学决策.当排污权的期权价格小于当前市场价格、排污权期权价值为零时,厂商会选择放弃购买排污权,而当排污权的期权价格高于当前市场价格时,厂商会购买排污权,但其获得的排污权期权价值则取决于排污权的期权价格高于当前价格的程度.     

介质阻挡放电脱除气态环己酮的研究

利用介质阻挡放电反应器进行了脱除挥发性有机物废气——环己酮的研究.通过改变极间电压,所加频率等条件,考察这些因素对环己酮脱除率的影响.通过研究发现:环己酮的脱除率随着极间电压,所加频率的升高而增加.当环己酮初始浓度为100 mL/m3,极间电压9 000 V时,环己酮的脱除率达到92.7%,证明介质阻挡放电对于流动态中的环己酮有很好的脱除效果.同时通过对反应过程中发射光谱的观察,对介质阻挡放电等离子体脱除环己酮的机理进行了初步的探讨.     

环状活塞声源辐射声场指向性研究

利用瑞利积分,计算了环状活塞声源辐射声场的远场声压分布和指向性函数,分析了影响辐射声源指向性的几个因素.结果表明,当环状活塞的尺寸一定时,辐射频率增大,辐射声场指向性增强;辐射频率和环宽一定时,随活塞内径增大,辐射声场指向性增强;辐射频率和内径一定时,随活塞外径增大,辐射声场指向性仍增强;辐射频率和外径一定时,随活塞内径增大,辐射声场指向性增强.这表明辐射声场的指向性与环宽无必然因果关系.     

A heat-driven thermoacoustic cryocooler capable of reaching below liquid hydrogen temperature

A "double-gas acoustic amplifier" is introduced to couple a thermoacoustic heat engine and a two-stage pulse tube cooler in this paper. Compared with previous acoustic amplifiers, this new acoustic amplifier maintains the function of amplification for pressure amplitude. In particular, the novel acoustic amplifier with a reservoir makes it possible to install an acoustic transparent but gas blocking elastic membrane between the engine and the cooler. Thus, the engine can use nitrogen as the working gas to work at low frequency; and meanwhile, the cooler can still use helium as the working gas to maintain its high performance. With this new amplifier, the cooling temperature of a two-stage pulse tube cooler driven by an energy-focused thermoacoustic engine reached 18.7 K.     

Microstructure and properties of Si-TaSi2 eutectic in situ composite for field emission

The Si-TaSi2 eutectic in situ composite for field emission is prepared by electron beam floating zone melting (EBFZM) technique on the basis of Czochralski (CZ) crystal growth technique. The directional solidification microstructure and the field emission properties of the Si-TaSi2 eutectic in situ composite prepared by two kinds of crystal growth techniques have been systematically tested and compared. Researches demonstrated that the solidification microstructure of EBFZM can be fined obviously be-cause of the relatively high solidification rate and very high temperature gradient, i.e. both the diameter and inter-rod spacing of the TaSi2 fibers prepared by EBFZM technique were decreased, and the density and the volume fraction of the TaSi2 fibers prepared by EBFZM technique were increased in comparison with that of the TaSi2 fibers prepared by CZ method. Therefore the field emission property of the Si-TaSi2 eutectic in situ composite prepared by EBFZM can be improved greatly, which exhibits better field emission uniformity and straighter F-N curve.     

The liquid phase separation of Bi-Ga hypermonotectic alloy under acoustic levitation condition

Containerless treatment of Bi-58.5at%Ga hypermonotecUc alloy is successfully performed with acoustic levitation technique. Under acoustic levitation condition, the second phase （Ga） distributes almost homogeneously in solidification sample, opposite to macrosegregation in solidification sample under conventional condition. Stokes motion of the second liquid droplet （Ga） is significantly restrained under acoustic levitation condition. The analyses indicate that the melt vibration in the gravity direction forced by acoustic field can induce steady flow around the second liquid droplet, which influences droplet shape during its moving upward and consequently restrains Stokes motion velocity of the second liquid droplet.     

轻型电喷汽油车稳态工况的排放特性

为了研究电喷汽油车运行工况对排放物的影响规律,利用底盘测功机和定容取样方法,测试了稳态下各排放物的浓度,计算了排放因子,分析了车速、载荷和挡位对排放因子的影响。研究结果表明:CO、HC和NOx排放因子大体上随车速的升高而降低,但在高挡、高速时CO和NOx排放因子略有回升,HC排放因子变化不大,CO排放因子随载荷的增大略有升高,HC和NOx排放因子基本没有变化;排放因子随挡位的变化与车速有关,低速时采用低挡排放因子较低,但在高速时应采用高挡;不同运行工况下催化转化器的转化效率也是影响排放因子的因素之一。     

低噪声变截面弹性连杆机构的优化设计

以减小噪声辐射为目的,对变截面弹性连杆机构的优化设计进行了研究.构造了变截面梁单元的位移模式,采用有限元法建立其运动微分方程.以机构杆件截面参数为设计变量,以机构的声辐射功率和机构杆件质量的加权和作为目标函数,利用改进的约束变尺度法进行优化分析,最后通过算例验证了所述方法的有效性.     

Dense fog events in the Yangtze Delta and their climatic characteristics

Based on daily observation records of fog and atmospheric visibility from 24 meteorological stations in the Yangtze Delta in the period from 1954 to 2005,the identification standard of dense fog events(DFE)has been proposed in this paper,a quite complete time series of DFEs for the delta constructed,and the climate characteristics of these events analyzed sequentially.Preliminary results showed that there were 564 typical DFEs in the delta from 1954 to 2005.The most frequent season for DFEs was from October to next April,when the number of the events accounted for 89.9% of the annual total,while the least frequent season was summer,when the number only accounted for 1.6% of the total due to higher temperature and more convective weather in the season.In the Yangtze Delta, DFEs occurred less and were weaker in the 1960s,but turned to increase from the end of the 1970s to the beginning of the 1980s,with an abrupt change in 1978.Afterwards,DFEs occurred more frequently,intensively,and indeterministically,and in particular,most fre- quently in the 1980s and intensively in the 1990s.However both the frequency and intensity of DFEs decline apparently in the period of 2000—2005 in the delta.