165例腹外疝无张力修补术的临床统计分析

为了探讨腹外疝无张力修补术的临床疗效、运用价值,对比分析了165例无张力修补术的临床资料及其主要术式的应用情况.结果显示：165例腹外疝患者行无张力疝修补术后随访6～48个月均无复发;102例/侧Lichtenstein手术5、9例/侧Rutkow手术和12例/侧IPOM手术在住院天数、并发症发生率、复发率等方面的统计...     

Morphology of abdominal evaporatoria in larvae of some Lygaeoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera): function and bearing on classification

The dorsal abdominal scent glands of nymphs in Lygaeoidea are diverse. Some related characters, such as number and distribution of dorsal abdominal scent gland openings (DSOs), and shapes of dark plates surrounding DSOs have been commonly used in taxonomic and/or phylogenetic studies of Lygaeoidea. However, comparative studies of the cuticular fine structures surrounding the DSOs in lygaeoid (and other Heteroptera) nymphs are few. We examined the cuticular fine structures surrounding DSOs of fifth‐instar nymphs of 25 species in seven families of Lygaeoidea with scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the structures surrounding DSOs, such as distribution pattern of cell network, type of network, type of non‐latticed area, pattern of channels for glandular secretion, are complicated and diverse at the family level, indicating that they are valuable in taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses.     

The larval development of Argulus coregoni Thorell (Crustacea: Branchiura)

Summary

The larval development of Argulus coregoni from the first to the ninth stage was studied, with special reference to the morphological changes of the appendages and some other parts of the body.

A newly hatched larva is a copepodid-form measuring 0·6–0·7 mm long and approaches the shape of the adult after moulting into the second stage (0·7–0·9 mm). Throughout the larval stages, the first maxilla shows the most remarkable modification. The larvae of the first to the fifth stage are equipped with two strong, curved claws, which act as a clasping organ, at the terminal segment of the first maxilla. The basal segment expands considerably at the third stage (0·9–1·1 mm) prior to forming a sucker at the sixth stage (1·7–2·2 mm). The claws start to degenerate at the fifth stage (1·4–1·8 mm), but are still recognizable as a rudiment after the seventh stage (2·2–2·6 mm). The other distinct morphological changes that occurred are: (1) bifurcation of the anterior part of the dorsal ridges on the carapace, (2) development of the male accessory copulatory organ at the basal segments of the second to the fourth legs, (3) number of posteriorly directed minute spines on the ventral surface of the carapace, (4) number of elements in the supporting ribs of the suckers, (5) number of spines found at the first segment of the second maxilla, and (6) number of setae on the four pairs of thoracic legs.

The larval forms of A. coregoni younger than the fourth stage (1·1–1·4 mm) are indistinguishable from those of A. japonicus and A. foliaceus.     

An Automatic Segmentation of Kidney in Serial Abdominal CT Scans Using Region Growing Approach

Automatic kidney segmentation from abdominal CT images is a key step in computer-aided diagnosis for kidney CT as well as computer-aided surgery. However, kidney segmentation from CT images is generally performed manually or semi-automatically because of gray levels similarities of adjacent organs/tissues in abdominal CT images. This paper presents an efficient algorithm for segmenting kidney from serials of abdominal CT images. First, we extracted estimated kidney position (EKP) according to the statistical geometric location of kidney within the abdomen. Second, we analyzed the intensity distribution of EKP for several abdominal CT images and exploit an adaptive threshold searching algorithm to eliminate many other organs/tissues in the EKP. Finally, a novel region growing approach based on labeling is used to obtain the free kidney regions. Experimental results are comparable to those of manual tracing radiologist and shown to be efficient.     

改良式腹腔镜辅助下阴式子宫切除术5例

目的介绍改良式腹腔镜辅助下阴式子宫切除术。方法在LAVH-I型的基础上结合部分Ⅲ型,即在镜下离断双侧圆韧带、输卵管、卵巢固有韧带（或卵巢悬韧带）,打通阴道后穹窿,并离断双侧骶韧带;经阴道处理主韧带及子宫血管。结果5例患者全部成功实施改良式腹腔镜辅助下阴式子宫切除,手术时间90～150 min,平均110 min,术中出血80～250 mL,平均165 mL,无1例大出血、副损伤及术后病率。结论改良式腹腔镜辅助下阴式子宫切除术既克服了开腹手术和阴式手术的缺陷,降低手术难度,缩短手术时间,减少术中出血,特别适合初学者和基层医院开展,是子宫切除方式的又一术式选择。     

生化黄腐酸对免疫系统的影响初探

以免疫器官指数、迟发性超敏反应、溶血素量和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率为指标,以矿源黄腐酸为对照,对生化黄腐酸地动物免疫系统的影响作了初步研究。结果表明：生化黄腐酸在免疫过程中各阶段均有促进作用,且剂量适合时作用极显著;而矿源黄腐酸则随试验条件不同分别表现为促进或抑制作用,二者之间有较明显的差异。     

碘伏联合红外线治疗妇产科腹部手术切口脂肪液化21例

目的探讨碘伏联合红外线治疗腹部手术切口脂肪液化疗效。方法观察组于发现脂肪液化后先挤净渗出物,再以碘伏纱块覆盖伤口,同时予以红外线照射40min;观察组常规进行换药治疗。结果观察组切口愈合率、住院时间均较对照组显著提高及缩短。结论碘伏联合红外线治疗腹部手术切口脂肪液化经济、有效、痛苦小。     

鳖白底板病的显微和超微结构观察

对鳖白底板病的显微与超微结构病理学进行了研究 .结果表明 :肠上皮萎缩、微绒毛脱落、胞器减少 .肝脏病变最为严重 ,其实质细胞肿胀 ,胞核结构异常 ,进而呈脂肪变性、溶酶体大量增多 ,局部出现坏死病灶 ,肾近曲小管上皮细胞肿胀、颗粒变性、细胞自溶 .脾脏红髓缩小 ,多数细胞及核异形 ,严重者细胞破裂、解体 .心肌细胞透明样变、横纹横糊 ,胞核固缩 .病变组织中红血细胞数量锐减 ,炎性细胞增多 .病变细胞内多数线粒体和内质网扩张、基质流失呈空泡化     

腹部手术患者超长住院日与围手术期因素的关系

分析腹部手术患者超长住院日与围手术期因素的关系。对解放军总医院2009年至2010年1 998例腹部手术患者围手术期因素进行回顾性研究。对计数资料的单因素分析表明,术中失血≥1 000 mL、术中输血、年龄≥65岁、恶性疾病、发生并发症是发生超长住院日的促进因素,腹腔镜下切除是发生超长住院日的抑制因素。对计量资料的单因素分析表明,术中失血量、总输血量、手术时间是发生超长住院日的促进因素,血清白蛋白值是发生超长住院日的抑制因素。多因素分析表明,发生超长住院日的独立危险因素为手术时间、术中失血量、术中输血与并发症。说明医务人员应对患者进行完善的围手术期评估,采用先进的手术技术,最优化的围手术期管理措施,从而保证患者的手术安全、缩短住院日,使患者真正受益。     

碘伏联合红外线治疗妇产科腹部手术切口脂肪液化21例

目的探讨碘伏联合红外线治疗腹部手术切口脂肪液化疗效。方法观察组于发现脂肪液化后先挤净渗出物，再以碘伏纱块覆盖伤口，同时予以红外线照射40min；观察组常规进行换药治疗。结果观察组切口愈合率、住院时间均较对照组显著提高及缩短。结论碘伏联合红外线治疗腹部手术切口脂肪液化经济、有效、痛苦小。