燕麦分离蛋白消化特性和消化产物对STC-1细胞分泌胆囊收缩素的影响

为研究燕麦分离蛋白的消化特性及其消化产物对肠内分泌细胞分泌胆囊收缩素(CCK)的影响,以燕麦为原料,采用碱提酸沉法得到燕麦分离蛋白,分析燕麦分离蛋白在模拟胃肠道消化过程中的分子质量变化、氮释放规律、消化产物的氨基酸组成,计算氨基酸评分、化学评分和必需氨基酸指数,并以STC-1细胞为肠内分泌细胞模型评价消化产物对STC-1细胞分泌CCK的影响。实验结果表明:燕麦分离蛋白经胃肠消化后,消化产物的分子质量小于10kDa,释放的可溶性氮的比例为90.11%,消化产物可溶性部分中游离氨基酸的比例为22.8%,肽的比例为67.31%,并且肽的分子质量主要在1000Da以下(约74%);燕麦分离蛋白消化产物中必需氨基酸总量占38.75%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值为0.63,且必需氨基酸指数(0.95)大于0.90。燕麦分离蛋白消化产物对STC-1细胞影响的实验结果表明,燕麦分离蛋白消化产物对STC-1细胞生长具有显著的促进作用,且能够增加CCK的合成和分泌。研究结果表明,燕麦分离蛋白作为一种优质的蛋白质原料,不仅具有优良的营养功能,而且具有促进肠内分泌细胞分泌CCK的生物活性,在食品领域具有较大的应用潜力。     

生物陶粒批式硝化过程的特性研究

对不同碱度、温度及P／N质量比下的生物陶粒批式硝化过程进行了研究．结果表明，一定范围内提高碱度将有利于氨的氧化和促进亚硝酸盐氮的积累，对二者都适合的氨氮／碳酸氢钠质量比应在1／12-1／16之间．温度对N02^- -N的积累具有十分重要的影响，当温度低于32℃时，水中N02^- -N的积累量明显减少，N03^- -N的生成量大大增加；而当温度为38℃时，由于亚硝化菌和硝化菌都受到了抑制，硝化速率下降；当温度为36℃时，最大N02^- -N生成量可达初始氨氮量的89．94％，因此对N02^- -N的积累最为有利．在P／N质量比为0，1／10和1／5的情况下，随着P／N比的增加，氨的平均氧化速率、N02^- -N和N03^- -N的平均积累速率均下降，呈负相关关系，因此为了有效地进行硝化，应将P／N比控制在1／10以下．     

Factors influencing the intestinal phase of pancreatic exocrine secretion in the turkey

The present study was done to investigate the factors regulating the intestinal phase of exocrine pancreatic secretion in the turkey. The intestine of turkeys equipped with pancreatic fistulas was perfused with peptone solution, fat emulsion and hydrochloric acid (HCl), and pancreatic flow and protein output were measured. Neither peptone solution nor fat emulsion had any effects on pancreatic secretion. HCl enhanced the flow rate of pancreatic juice but not protein output. To clarify the neural mechanism of this phenomenon, the vagal postganglionic blocker atropine was continuously infused and pancreatic secretion in response to intestinal HCl was measured. Atropine completely suppressed both pancreatic flow and protein output. It is suggested that the avian intestinal phase of pancreatic secretion is mainly controlled by cholinergic action though HCl stimulation.     

丹参提取物对氧化衰老模型小鼠的免疫保护作用

采用小鼠氧化衰老模型探讨丹参提取物的免疫保护作用及抗氧化作用 .用小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖试验检测免疫细胞的功能状态 ;用免疫组化法和HE染色观察胸腺的氧化情况及形态学变化 ;用流式细胞仪检测细胞表面CD2 8分子及其他分子的变化 ,来探讨免疫分子的变化情况 .结果表明丹参提取物能明显恢复由氧化应激造成的免疫功能低下状态 .淋巴细胞增殖功能得到了明显改善 .胸腺内核酸氧化产物 8-OHdG染色阳性细胞明显减少 ,胸腺皮质恢复良好 .免疫细胞表面CD2 8分子明显增加 ,CD4阳性细胞也明显增多     

Cytosolic free Ca2+ in insulin secreting cells and its regulation by isolated organelles

Summary The role of Ca²⁺ in secretagogue-induced insulin release is documented not only by the measurements of⁴⁵Ca fluxes in pancreatic islets, but also, by direct monitoring of cytosolic free Ca²⁺, [Ca²⁺]_i. As demonstrated, using the fluorescent indicator quin 2, glyceraldehyde, carbamylcholine and alanine raise [Ca²⁺]_i in the insulin secreting cell line RINm5F, whereas glucose has a similar effect in pancreatic islet cells. The regulation of cellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis by organelles from a rat insulinoma, was investigated with a Ca²⁺ selective electrode. The results suggest that both the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria participate in this regulation, albeit at different Ca²⁺ concentrations. By contrast, the secretory granules do not appear to be involved in the short-term regulation of [Ca²⁺]_i. Evidence is presented that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, which is shown to mobilize Ca²⁺ from the endoplasmic reticulum, is acting as an intracellular mediator in the stimulation of insulin release.     

Sexual dimorphism in the defensive secretion of a carabid beetle

Summary The defensive secretions of male and femaleOodes americanus display striking qualitative differences. Altogether 13 carboxylic acids were identified in the secretions of the two sexes. Methacrylic, crotonic, and tiglic acids are produced exclusively by the female; the male lacks these unsaturated components, but produces their saturated analogs. 2-Methylbutyric acid is a major component produced by both sexes. Shared components also include hexanoic, (E)-2-hexenoic, benzoic, and (E)-2-octenoic acid, of which the latter two had not previously been reported from carabid beetles.Paper no. 98 in the series Defense Mechanisms of Arthropods; no. 97 is by Smedley et al., J. Lepid. Soc., in press.     

In vivo effects of epinephrine in a freshwater fish

Summary In vivo effects of epinephrine were investigated in a freshwater teleost,Barbus conchonius Hamilton. Fish given 2 mg/kg epinephrine in a single i.m. dose showed significant hypocholesterolemia and elevated, liver and kidney cholesterol levels 1–8 h postinjection. Plasma amino nitrogen evinced a transient yet significant fall at 2 h followed by a significant increase after 24 h. A marked reduction occurred in the plasma FFA and organic PO₄ levels after 1–8 h. The results offer little evidence for a lipolytic effect of epinephrine in this species, and the changes in metabolite levels are attributable, in part, to the catecholamineinduced modification of insulin secretion.N.K. thanks the U.G.C. for the award of a research fellowship.     

边界摩擦对二维堆积颗粒体系几何结构的影响

颗粒体系在受挤压时的受力情况和滑移通道是一个极其复杂的问题。用实验的方法研究了二维晶格堆积的颗粒体系受挤压推进过程中的力学响应和结构变化情况,观察到颗粒体系在受挤压时将出现结构的坍塌和重组行为。依据实验结果,分析了边界上压力的分布、滑移通道和重组结构与边界摩擦因素和堆积角之间的关系;用静力学理论分别讨论了处于边界和中部颗粒不同的受力机制。研究表明光滑器壁较粗糙器壁容易成为颗粒滑移的通道,这种情况下颗粒体系形成的力链不稳定,容易导致结构坍塌;边壁的摩擦不会对器壁不同高度处应力的分布产生显著影响,力链的重组才是导致不同高度处应力重新分布的主要因素。     

枯草芽孢杆菌谷氨酰胺转氨酶的异源表达

以野生型枯草芽孢杆菌基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增获得带有SD序列及谷氨酸棒状杆菌信号肽ΔS0949的BTG基因.将其与大肠杆菌-谷氨酸棒状杆菌穿梭表达载体pXMJ19连接,构建重组质粒pXMJ19-Sbtg转化谷氨酸棒状杆菌ATCC13032.经IPTG诱导后该重组菌发酵液具有交联酪蛋白的能力,表明该重组菌能够实现分泌表达.     

人骨形态发生蛋白6(hBMP6)在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

以重组质粒pcDNA6A-BMP6为模板PCR扩增hBMP6成熟肽cDNA编码序列,将该序列克隆到酵母分泌表达表达载体pPIC9K中.重组质粒pPIC9K-hBMP6经SacI酶切线性化,电击转化毕赤酵母GS115,PCR法筛选阳性转化子,利用梯度浓度G418筛选到七株高拷贝整合的阳性转化子。用甲醇进行诱导表达,SDSPAGE及Western-blot检测结果表明hBMP6成熟肽以分子量约为34和18 kD两种不同糖基化修饰的单体形式存在,具有良好的免疫原性.