Molecular mechanisms in therapy of acid-related diseases

Inhibition of gastric acid secretion is the mainstay of the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulceration; therapies to inhibit acid are among the best-selling drugs worldwide. Highly effective agents targeting the histamine H2 receptor were first identified in the 1970s. These were followed by the development of irreversible inhibitors of the parietal cell hydrogen-potassium ATPase (the proton pump inhibitors) that inhibit acid secretion much more effectively. Reviewed here are the chemistry, biological targets and pharmacology of these drugs, with reference to their current and evolving clinical utilities. Future directions in the development of acid inhibitory drugs include modifications of current agents and the emergence of a novel class of agents, the acid pump antagonists. Received 30 May 2007; received after revision 15 August 2007; accepted 13 September 2007     

普林格尔治疗仪促进产后乳汁分泌的疗效观察

目的：观察普林格式治疗仪促进产后乳汁分泌的疗效。方法各选取100例产后30 d乳汁量少的产妇，一组接受普林格尔治疗仪治疗，称为观察组，一组只接受传统方法治疗，称为对照组，观察两组产妇乳汁量的变化。结果经过普林格尔治疗仪治疗和指导的观察组效果明显优于只接受传统方法治疗的对照组，差异具有显著性（p〈0.05）。结论普林格尔治疗仪有利于促进产妇产后的乳汁分泌，且操作简单、风险小、无副作用，值得推广。     

下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴激素分泌的周期震荡及混沌现象

结合生理学内分泌调节理论,采用了变步长龙格-库塔法,以Matlab软件为计算平台,对改进的下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴激素脉冲分泌的非线性动力学进行了参变量数据模拟,求出了下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴激素脉冲分泌的周期振荡解及混沌解.结果显示,此分泌系统中激素浓度变化与实验事实相符,其混沌模型是合理的.     

硝化颗粒污泥的成长特性

研究了649μm、1 171μm和1 571μm三个粒径、不同初始生物量的硝化颗粒污泥90 d内的硝化性能,发现颗粒比增长速率μd、生物量比增长速率μg的变化均随粒径增大而减小.其成因在于硝化颗粒污泥内部生态环境、菌群和生物量随污泥粒径增长发生了变化,可以用引入比代谢速率后的生物量变化模型来描述这种变化.     

Effect of Land Use on Soil Properties in Debris Flow Bottomland： A Case Study at Xiaojiang Basin, Yunnan

In order to understand the effect of different land use on soil physics and nutrients properties of the debris flow bottomland, a case study at Daqing gully （in Xiaojiang Basin, Yunnan） was conducted in 2004. Soil samples were taken at depth of 0-10,10-20,20-40,40-60,60-80 cm under three land use patterns crop bottomland （CL）, forest bottomland （FL）, and barren bottomland（BL）. The results showed that the developing bottomland to CL promoted soil toaccumulate total phosphorus （TP） and available phosphorus （AP）, pH value transferred from neutral to alkalescency, and organic matter decreased significantly. Furthermore, the contents of total nitrogen （TN） and available nitrogen （AN） in CL were lower than that of FL and BL because the growth of crops consumed more nutrients in soil. The results also showed that the contents of TP, AP and available potassium （AK） in soil were positively correlated with soil particle.     

INO1基因在粟酒裂殖酵母中的表达及对蔗糖酶分泌和磷脂合成的影响

分别用含有INO1基因的两个质粒pADH-INO和pSPIN-22对天然肌醇营养缺陷型的粟酒裂殖酵母（Schizosaccharomyces pombe）进行转化，得到的转化子分别命名为Sch.P944和Sch.P1025.通过对Sch.P944和Sch.P1025的研究，发现两个质粒均能在粟酒裂殖酵母中自主复制并使其变成肌醇原养型，但肌醇分泌的速度和数量Sch.P944均高于Sch.P1025。用该两菌株研究肌醇合成与细胞生长及可分泌蔗糖酶比活的关系，结果显示：细胞的生长与肌醇的合成紧密相关；而蔗糖酶的比活，当葡萄糖含量小于1％时，菌株Sch.P944的蔗糖酶分泌是解葡萄糖阻遏的，而Sch.P1025在实验范围内，蔗糖酶的比活都受到葡萄糖的阻遏作用。对Sch.P944和Sch.P1025膜磷脂的组成进行分析比较发现，膜磷脂中磷脂酰肌醇（PI）的含量Sch.P944比Sch.P1025高，而磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）的含量Sch.P944比Sch.P1025低。这意味着肌醇通过磷脂酰肌醇参与了蔗糖酶分泌的解阻遏作用。     

Profiling of the secreted proteins during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation leads to the identification of novel adipokines

Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ capable of secreting a number of adipokines with a role in the regulation of adipose tissue and whole-body metabolism. We used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry to profile the secreted proteins from (pre)adipocytes. The culture medium of 3T3-L1 cells during adipocyte differentiation was screened, and 41 proteins that responded to blocking of secretion by 20°C treatment and/or brefeldin A treatment were identified. Prohibitin, stress-70 protein, and adhesion-regulating molecule 1 are reported for the first time as secreted proteins. In addition, procollagen C-proteinase enhancer protein, galectin-1, cyclophilin A and C, and SF20/IL-25 are newly identified as adipocyte secreted factors. Secretion profiles indicated a dynamic environment including an actively remodeling extracellular matrix and several factors involved in growth regulation.Received 15 June 2004; received after revision 26 July 2004; accepted 2 August 2004     

薄层扫描法测定夏桑菊颗粒中熊果酸的含量

采用薄层扫描法测定夏桑菊颗粒中熊果酸的含量.以环己烷—氯仿—醋酸乙酯—冰醋酸(20∶5∶8∶0.5)为展开剂,检测波长为520 nm,参比波长为700 nm,SX=3,标准曲线Y=1291.28X 34.12,R=0.998 2,熊果酸在1.017-2.373μg范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率100.82%,RSD=1.94%.     

Biosynthesis of 1-alkenes in the defensive secretions ofTribolium confusum (Tenebrionidae); stereochemical implications

Summary The terminally unsaturated hydrocarbons of the defensive secretion ofTribolium confusum are biosynthesized from fatty acids by oxidative decarboxylation. The process involves an enantiospecific cleavage of the C–H bond of thepro-(S) C(3)–H atom and simultaneous decarboxylation of the acid into an 1-alkene and carbon dioxide via ananti-periplanar transition state geometry (anti-elimination). The stereochemistry of this biotranformation is identical in all respects with the same reaction in higher plants. The mechanism seems to be of general importance for the biosynthesis of many vinylic substructures of natural products from oxygen-containing precursors.