Inhibition of the growth of cariogenic bacteria in vitro by plant falvanones

Phytoalexins, defensive compounds produced by plants against microbial infections, were purified fromSophora exigua (Leguminosae) and their growth inhibitory effects on oral cariogenic bacteria were determined in vitro. Among three isolated compounds, 5,7,2,4-tetrahydroxy-8-lavandulylflavanone completely inhibited the growth of oral bacteria including primary cariogenic mutans streptococci, other oral streptococci, actinomycetes, and lactobacilli, at concentrations of 1.56 to 6.25 g/ml.     

Bovine microvascular endothelial cells of separate morphology differ in growth and response to the action of interferon-γ

Five cell types recently isolated from the bovine corpus luteum differed in their epithelioid morphology and their cytoskeleton, but shared common criteria of microvascular endothelial cells^1,2. To give strong evidence for the separate entity, the growth rate of the 5 phenotypically different cells was studied. They were seeded at low density on day 0. Most of these cells were treated with 200 to 1000 U recombinant bovine interferon- (IFN-) for 3 days. The untreated remainder served as controls. Cell counts were made for all cultures on days 4, 7, 10 and 13. morphology: 13 d after treatment with IFN- senescent cells as well as intact cells occurred in cultures of cell types 1 to 4. Cultures of cell type 5 were apparently unchanged and resembled their untreated counterparts. Desminpositive cells in cultures of cell type 2 developed cell processes. Growth rate: In the absence of IFN-, the growth rate was high for cell types 3 and 4, moderate for cell type 1, and low for cell types 2 and 5. The presence of IFN- caused anti-proliferative effects. These were higher for cell types 3 and 4 than for cell types 1 and 2. IFN- could be cytotoxic on cell type 3. In contrast, the cytokine tended to support the cell growth of cell type 5. These findings substantiate the postulate that endothelial cells exhibiting separate morphology in culture also function differently.     

Thrombospondin co-localises with TGFβ and IGF-I in the extracellular matrix of human osteoblast-like cells and is modulated by 17β estradiol

Thrombospondin (TSP) is a multifunctional glycoprotein which is synthesised by several cell types including osteoblasts, and incorporated into the extracellular matrix (ECM) of these cells. The function and regulation of TSP in bone is not clear. In this study, using a long term culture model of human osteoblast-like cells, we examined the distribution of TSP in the ECM and its modulation by added estradiol. In this model the osteoblast-like cells form a regular multilayer which continues to increase in depth up to 50 days post confluence. In the ECM of these cultures and in 19-week fetal bone, the bone markers osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase were diffusely distributed in the matrix. In contrast, labelling for TSP was concentrated, confined to the banded collagen and its immediately adjacent ECM. This pattern of labelling resembled that of the growth factors transforming growth factor-I (TGF), and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), with which TSP label co-localised. Labelling intensities were comparable between fetal bone and the in vitro material for TSP, TGF and IGF-I. TSP label was present by 10 days post confluence, reached a maximum by 20 days, and declined slowly thereafter, a time course which was similar to that of IGF-I. Incubation of osteoblast-like cell cultures with 17 estradiol resulted in an increase in multilayer depth and a maximal 3-fold increase in TSP labeling at 30 days as well as approximately 2-fold increases for TGF and IGF-I. The dose-response relationship for these responses to estradiol treatment was biphasic with maximal increases at 10^–10 M–10^–11 M of added estradiol. Treatment with 17 estradiol produced labelling intensities that were not significantly different from controls. Studies with other cell types have suggested that TSP may be involved in modulation of growth factor activity. The similarities between TSP, TGF and IGF-I, in terms of their distribution and regulation by 17 estradiol treatment, may indicate a role for TSP in modulating bone cell proliferation and function through interaction with local growth factors.     

不同降水驱动的SWAT模型参数不确定性研究

以抚河流域与黑河流域为研究区,应用4种降水产品(CMORPH CMA、CMFD、CMADS、MSWEP)驱动SWAT模型模拟日流量,评估4种降水产品在湿润区与干旱区的适用性;使用自适应降维评估法选出流域的敏感参数,并进行一致性检验。结果表明:抚河流域4种降水产品的纳什效率系数(NSE)均在0.70以上,其中CMORPH CMA和CMADS的NSE均能达到0.82;黑河流域CMORPH CMA和CMADS的NSE大于等于0.76,而CMFD和MSWEP的NSE分别为0.72和0.74。抚河流域4种降水产品具有相同的敏感参数;黑河流域CMORPH CMA和CMADS有相同的6个敏感参数,而CMFD和MSWEP则分别有5个和8个敏感参数。4种降水产品在湿润流域和干旱流域都能得到较好的应用效果,但是CMORPH CMA和CMADS的模拟效果要优于CMFD和MSWEP。不同的降水输入也会对模型参数敏感性分析的结果产生影响,当降水表现越接近时,所筛选的敏感性参数也越相似。     

试验与服役数据融合的飞机结构安全寿命分析

针对飞机结构安全寿命分析中样本容量偏少的问题,综合考虑结构分散性和载荷分散性的飞机结构疲劳寿命是否服从对数正态分布或威布尔分布的情况,根据等损伤原理,将服役飞机实际飞行小时数等效转化为在同一试验载荷谱下的当量飞行小时数,以实现飞机结构试验疲劳寿命与服役使用数据的融合,采用随机右截尾情形下的极大似然估计方法估算疲劳寿命分布函数的参数,进行飞机结构安全寿命分析;最后以飞机结构疲劳寿命服从对数正态分布为例进行了算例分析,分析结果表明:在相同的可靠度和置信水平下,利用试验数据与服役使用数据融合方法可以显著增大样本容量,从而充分挖掘飞机结构可靠性的储备。     

桂东南马尾松工程幼林生长量及其生物量节律研究

１９９１年～１９９６年,对桂东南马尾松工程幼林的生长量及生物量进行连续的定位定期观测。结果表明：马尾松工程林６年生幼林的林木蓄积量和生物量分别为３６．１６ｍ３／ｈｍ２和３６．８６ｔ／ｈｍ２,分别比常规造林１１年生和不施肥同龄林增加３倍～６倍;揭示了马尾松幼林生长量规律及其影响的主要气象因子,马尾松工程幼林各器官生物量随年龄的变化规律,并分别建立与地径逐月生长量的回归预测模型。     

方幂和中因子5的指数问题

设ｎ,ｘ,ｒ是正整数且ｒ＞１,ｎ＝５αｃ,５ｃ,给出方幂和中因子５的指数计算公式：Ｄ＝∑ｎ－１ｋ＝０（ｘ＋ｄｋ）ｒ,ｄ＝５ｓ＋１,ｓ≥０．     

Effects of extracellular calmodulin on pollen germination and tube growth

The effects of calmoddin (CaM) antagonist W7-agarose, anti-CaM serum and exogenous purified CaM on pollen germination and tube growth ofForsythia suspensu were studied. The pollen germination and tube growth were inhibited or completely stopped by CaM antagonist W7-agarose. The addition of exogenous purified CaM stimulated pollen germination and tube growth, whereas the same amount of bovine serum albumin (BSA) had no effect. The inhibitory effects caused by W7-agarose and anti-CaM serum could be reversed completely by the addition of exogenous purified CaM. The tube growth of germinated pollen was also inhibited or completely stopped by W7-agarose. The results suggest that endogenous extracellular CaM initiates pollen germination and tube growth, whereas exogenous CaM enhances the above processes.     

透射焦散线法研究甲板开口边缘Ⅰ型裂纹的应力强度因子

为研究船舶甲板开口边缘受拉的Ⅰ型裂纹的应力强度因子,并探索焦散线方法在船舶结构中的应用,采用透射焦散线方法进行了实验研究．实验中模拟一般散货船带舱口的上甲板,制作了带孔有机玻璃透明试件,并采用加热法开出孔边裂纹．在数字焦散线实验系统中进行实验,获得了清晰的全场焦散线数字图象．应用焦散线图象自动处理程序精确地测出焦散线的最大直径以计算应力强度因子,并对裂纹尖端初始焦散线引起的实验误差作了处理．实验结果与理论值十分接近,表明船舶甲板开口边缘受拉的Ⅰ型裂纹的应力强度因子与甲板中的总纵拉力成正比．     

高温氧化膜Cr2O3和NiO中应力松弛过程

用Ｘ射线原位应力测定了高温氧化膜Ｃｒ２Ｏ３和ＮｉＯ中的应力．结果表明,Ｃｒ２Ｏ３／Ｃｒ和ＮｉＯ／Ｎｉ体系氧化膜的生长应力分别为－１．９４９ＧＰａ和６５２ＭＰａ．在冷却过程中,Ｃｒ２Ｏ３／Ｃｒ体系发生很大的应力松弛过程,其主要表现形式为氧化膜翘曲和开裂;而在ＮｉＯ／Ｎｉ体系中,由于ＮｉＯ薄膜具有双层结构承受不同应力状态而获得松弛．