对纸质文献命运的再认识

本文回顾并分析了文献演变的历史，社会的知识量与技术条件是影响文献演变的主要因素，通过进一步对社会知识量的现实及发展的预测，结合当今电子出版物技术状况，认为纸质文献不会退出历史舞台，在一个较长时期内文献载体多元化的局面将会出现。     

论知性认识的理论和实践意义

承认知性认识并把知性认识引入认识发展过程，具有认识论的重要性和必要性。知性认识是认识辩证发展过程的重要环节，承认知性认识阶段的存在具有重要的理论和实践意义。理论意义是：使认识的过程表述得更清晰，在理论上更能把印象主义，形而上学的经验主义，唯理论的教条主义，辨别得更明晰；也能探明其产生的哩论根源。实践意义是：在实践中能克服印象主义，形而上学的经验主义，唯理论的教条主义错误。     

变革的生产视角——对人工智能政治批判的批判

人工智能作为热点话题吸引了相关学者对其进行政治哲学维度的批判,但其批判依然停留在政治和观念的上层建筑半径之内,并未深入到政治的前提——生产领域.大数据算法作为强人工智能的重要应用,其所得出的非线性结果重塑了人们对于"价值"的理解,并引导一种对于"使用价值"追求的复归.随着边际成本的不断递减,大规模生产逐渐向大众生产转变...     

Can the behavioral sciences self-correct? A social epistemic study

Advocates of the self-corrective thesis argue that scientific method will refute false theories and find closer approximations to the truth in the long run. I discuss a contemporary interpretation of this thesis in terms of frequentist statistics in the context of the behavioral sciences. First, I identify experimental replications and systematic aggregation of evidence (meta-analysis) as the self-corrective mechanism. Then, I present a computer simulation study of scientific communities that implement this mechanism to argue that frequentist statistics may converge upon a correct estimate or not depending on the social structure of the community that uses it. Based on this study, I argue that methodological explanations of the “replicability crisis” in psychology are limited and propose an alternative explanation in terms of biases. Finally, I conclude suggesting that scientific self-correction should be understood as an interaction effect between inference methods and social structures.     

Pierre Duhem’s good sense as a guide to theory choice

This paper examines Duhem’s concept of good sense as an attempt to support a non rule-governed account of rationality in theory choice. Faced with the underdetermination of theory by evidence thesis and the continuity thesis, Duhem tried to account for the ability of scientists to choose theories that continuously grow to a natural classification. I will examine the concept of good sense and the problems that stem from it. I will also present a recent attempt by David Stump to link good sense to virtue epistemology. I will argue that even though this approach can be useful for the better comprehension of the concept of good sense, there are some substantial differences between virtue epistemologists and Duhem. In the light of this reconstruction of good sense, I will propose a possible way to interpret the concept of good sense, which overcomes the noted problems and fits better with Duhem’s views on scientific method and motivation in developing the concept of good sense.     

社会-技术互动网络视域中纯电子期刊的社会建构

社会-技术互动网络(STIN)模型为分析纯电子期刊的形成提供了一种有效的概念工具。根据STIN模型,纯电子期刊的形成就是一个由新技术为一方,与由读者、作者、编者、出版者等构成的另一方之间展开的复杂的互动过程,在这个过程中建构和生成了纯电子期刊这个技术产品。这表明,任何一项新技术被社会所认可和接受,不仅取决于技术本身的可行性和相对优势,还要受制于技术所嵌入的社会背景(social context)中经济的、社会的、政策的和观念层面的诸要素之间围绕技术而进行的相互作用与相互制衡。     

一致主义与经验论

一致主义确证理论认为只有信念之间的一致才能产生确证,这就使它面临如何容纳经验内容的难题。古典一致主义者将经验等同于信念,邦久用认知自发信念来解决经验观察的确证问题,但这些理论都存在问题。麦克道威尔将经验构造为概念性但不是信念性的状态,为解决经验观察在知识确证中的地位提供了一种思路。     

Gordon Pask's Conversation Theory: A Domain Independent Constructivist Model of Human Knowing

Although it is conceded (as argued by many)that distinct knowledge domains do presentparticular problems of coming to know, in thispaper it is argued that it is possible (anduseful) to construct a domain independent modelof the processes of coming to know, one inwhich observers share understandings and do soin agreed ways. The model in question is partof the conversation theory (CT) of Gordon Pask. CT, as a theory of theory construction andcommunication, has particular relevance forfoundational issues in science and scienceeducation. CT explicitly propounds a ``radicalconstructivist' (RC) epistemology. A briefaccount is given of the main tenets of RC andCT's place in that tradition and the traditionsof cybernetics. The paper presents a briefnon-technical account of the main concepts ofCT including elaborations by Laurillard andHarri-Augstein and Thomas. As part of CT, Pask also elaborated a methodology – knowledgeand task analysis – for analysing the structureof different knowledge domains; thismethodology is sketched in outline.     

技术创新中的社会学习问题

社会文化研究是技术创新研究的重要维度。本文引入社会学习概念,阐释了社会学习的技术适应观。对技术创新实践中新技术的再创新、驯化和调控这三方面的社会学习过程进行了系统分析,揭示了地方多重异质性行动者对技术创新的贡献,拓展了此前关于技术创新地方性的认知和理解。     

论系统非优研究的意义

从认识论、方法论及实践论角度论证了系统非优研究的重要意义，指出不研究非优问题，系统论将是不完整的。