少年中长跑运动员肌肉损伤的综合性防治

根据多年训练经验,把训练、恢复和中西医结合治疗作为防治肌肉损伤的综合手段,从而达到促进运动训练,提高运动水平,为少年运动员训练科学化提供参考依据。     

江苏女子自行车运动员下肢肌力特征研究

为探讨女子自行车运动员下肢肌力特征,利用Cybex6000等速测力系统,对江苏省女子自行车队15名队员单侧膝关节进行测试。结果显示:峰力矩和平均功率明显偏低,180/s和240/s间动力学指标无显著差异(p>0.01),膝关节屈伸肌比值在50%水平,没有出现随运动员速度提高而升高的趋势。提示江苏女子自行车运动员膝关节肌群力量偏低,训练重应点在基础和绳肌上。     

心理训练在篮球教学中的作用

现代篮球教学训练是对运动员体力、技术、心理和智力等因素的共同开发,心理因素对创造运动成绩起着重要作用.本文旨在用试验结果和教学经验制定的综合心理训练方法,丰富常规教学手段,并在篮球教学中提高心理训练的作用提出建议.     

Functional investigations of exercising muscle: a noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy-magnetic resonance imaging approach

Muscle fatigue, which is defined as the decline in muscle performance during exercise, may occur at different sites along the pathway from the central nervous system through to the intramuscular contractile machinery. Historically, both impairment of neuromuscular transmission and peripheral alterations within the muscle have been proposed as causative factors of fatigue development. However, according to more recent studies, muscle energetics play a key role in this process. Intramyoplasmic accumulation of inorganic phosphate (P_i) and limitation in ATP availability have been frequently evoked as the main mechanisms leading to fatigue. Although attractive, these hypotheses have been elaborated on the basis of experimental results obtained in vitro, and their physiological relevance has never been clearly demonstrated in vivo. In that context, noninvasive methods such as 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy and surface electromyography have been employed to understand both metabolic and electrical aspects of muscle fatigue under physiological conditions. Mapping of muscles activated during exercise is another interesting issue which can be addressed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Exercise-induced T2 changes have been used in order to locate activated muscles and also as a quantitative index of exercise intensity. The main results related to both issues, i.e. the metabolic and electrical aspects of fatigue and the MRI functional investigation of exercising muscle, are discussed in the present review.Received 4 September 2003; received after revision 4 December 2003; accepted 22 December 2003     

肌肉力量衰退与中老年人的力量训练

从生理生化角度分析了肌肉力量的生长发育规律,以及肌肉中肌纤维和结缔组织的自然衰退规律,阐述了中老年肌肉力量锻炼的必要性与可行性,提出了中老年人进行肌肉力量训练应强化Ⅱ型肌纤维、易衰退肌肉和柔韧性的训练等建议。     

Frequency-dependent effect of verapamil on rat soleus muscle

Summary In the presence of verapamil (0.1 mM) rat soleus muscle fibers failed to generate action potentials with overshoots. In fibers with their V_m set to a local level of –90 mV, verapamil produces a gradual reduction in the amplitude of the repetitive action potentials; this effect is more pronounced at high rates of stimulation (100 Hz). Our results suggest a local anesthetic action of this drug that could contribute with its calcium channel blocking effect to the diminished mechanical tension observed in the presence of the drug.Acknowledgments. We thank A. Losavio and M. Stefanolo for technical assistance. This work was supported by grants from CONICET and SUBCYT, Buenos Aires, Argentina and Muscular Dystrophy Association, USA.     

Muscle fluorometry: A determination of the depth of penetration

Summary Fluorometric recordings of NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) were made on rabbit papillary muscles. The specimens were placed between the UV light source and a small window of the detection stage. As the muscle was moved over the window in a transverse direction, simultaneous measurement could be taken of transmitted UV light and fluorescent light for various thicknesses of tissue. It is concluded that a muscle thinckness of 0.65 mm, is optimal before absorption of the incident light decreases the fluorescence signal.     

Intercellular dye-coupling in intestinal smooth muscle. Are gap junctions required for intercellular coupling?

Summary The dye Lucifer Yellow was injected into single smooth muscle cells in the guinea pig small intestine in order to study intercellular coupling. Dye-coupling was observed in both the circular and longitudinal muscle layers and was markedly reduced when the intercellular pH was lowered. These results suggest the presence of gap junctions among intestinal muscle cells, but are inconsistent with previous ultrastructural studies that failed to demonstrate such junctions in the longitudinal muscle.     

幼儿体操教学对幼儿大肌肉动作发展影响的实验研究

采用大肌肉动作发展测试量表,研究了幼儿体操教学对4～6岁幼儿大肌肉群动作发展的影响,结果表明：幼儿体操教学可以有效地促进4～6岁幼儿的大肌肉群动作的发展,且对位移技能的影响较为显著;4～6岁幼儿大肌肉动作的发展具有不平衡性,男女孩位移动作方面发展较均衡,而男孩物体控制方面较好。     

关于快慢两种肌纤维的形态结构及代谢特性与运动能力的研究

本文从形态结构及生理代谢角度论述了人体骨骼肌中的快慢两种肌纤维的生理机制及运动能力，并揭示出了用不同强度的练习可分别发展不同类型的肌纤维，同时也为运动员的选材提供了可靠的科学依据。