软件开发方法在科研管理中的应用

软件开发和科研项目有很多相似之处 ,目前软件开发实践中已经形成了很多行之有效的管理方法 ,而科研管理在这方面还比较欠缺。本文介绍了软件开发中两种最重要的方法 -项目管理和过程管理 ,并分析了这两种方法在科研管理中应用的可行性和作用     

一种优化的光线投射体绘制采样算法

提出一种通过光线与体元两个交点处的体数据值线性采样的方法，减少了插值计算次数，分析了这种采样方法与三元线性插值方法的差异，证明这是一种可行的有效方法．     

ASP.NET的网站科研成果管理系统的设计与实现

利用ASP.NET和ADO.NET技术开发的网站科研成果管理系统,实现了科研成果的动态管理,使学校对科研成果信息的管理更加及时、高效,从而大大提高了工作效率;同时还对系统的开发原理、系统的功能特点和设计方案进行了相应的介绍。     

包头市中小学教育科研现状的调查分析与策略

以包头市中小学骨干教师为重点调查对象，通过问卷调查，着重从教育科研的意义、基础知识的储备、教科研方法的运用以及科研成果等方面分析，发现包头市中小学教科研现状不容乐观。提出相应策略，以推动包头市中小学教育科研的发展。     

对人性现实主义的解读

对人性的正确把握是顺利进行制度设计的前提条件之一，通过对先贤们的人性观的梳理和评述，文章认为人性是人自为的结果，是现实、具体和可变的，是善与恶的混合体，故制度设计应防恶、扬善。     

论量子测量解释中的实在观

本文通过对不同量子测量解释的共同基本特征的考察,系统地阐述了量子测量解释中隐含的实在观的三个基本信条,(1)在本体论意义上,承认世界的独立存在性;(2)可以对物理过程进行统计因果性的说明;(3)物理世界具有非分离性或整体性.提出了以这种整体性实在观为前提,对量子力学的实在论解释要求重新审查传统真理观的观点.     

回溯推理与经济解释

皮尔士提出的回溯推理是根据事实尝试性地提出理论假说,应用演绎推理从前提推出一些结论,作出预言,然后,根据实验来验证.如果预言得到实验的证实,那么,我们可以在一定程度上接受这一假说,把它转化为理论.回溯推理是一类独立的逻辑推理形式,其特点在于作出最佳解释.最佳解释推理要求具备一致性、简单性、类比性等特点.回溯推理在经济解释和经济学方法论中比归纳和演绎更为适用.     

Can the behavioral sciences self-correct? A social epistemic study

Advocates of the self-corrective thesis argue that scientific method will refute false theories and find closer approximations to the truth in the long run. I discuss a contemporary interpretation of this thesis in terms of frequentist statistics in the context of the behavioral sciences. First, I identify experimental replications and systematic aggregation of evidence (meta-analysis) as the self-corrective mechanism. Then, I present a computer simulation study of scientific communities that implement this mechanism to argue that frequentist statistics may converge upon a correct estimate or not depending on the social structure of the community that uses it. Based on this study, I argue that methodological explanations of the “replicability crisis” in psychology are limited and propose an alternative explanation in terms of biases. Finally, I conclude suggesting that scientific self-correction should be understood as an interaction effect between inference methods and social structures.     

Inconsistent idealizations and inferentialism about scientific representation

Inferentialists about scientific representation hold that an apparatus's representing a target system consists in the apparatus allowing “surrogative inferences” about the target. I argue that a serious problem for inferentialism arises from the fact that many scientific theories and models contain internal inconsistencies. Inferentialism, left unamended, implies that inconsistent scientific models have unlimited representational power, since an inconsistency permits any conclusion to be inferred. I consider a number of ways that inferentialists can respond to this challenge before suggesting my own solution. I develop an analogy to exploitable glitches in a game. Even though inconsistent representational apparatuses may in some sense allow for contradictions to be generated within them, doing so violates the intended function of the apparatus's parts and hence violates representational “gameplay”.