Interaction of salicylate and noise results in mortality of rats

Summary Survival as a function of salicylate dose and the intensity of environmental noise was investigated in 150 adult female pigmented rats. Rats were assigned to groups (n=6/group) defined by combinations of salicylate levels from 0- (saline) to 300 mg/kg, injected subcutaneously, and noise levels from ambient noise to 98 dB SPL, presented daily for 10-h periods for up to 17 days. Mortality occurred in groups exposed to the higher combinations of salicylate and noise.     

Blood pressure and impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Summary Correlation between hypertension and impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation was demonstrated using aortae from certain strains of rats with various levels of spontaneous hypertension. It was also observed that the impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation is the secondary change due to hypertension, and the level and duration of hypertension is the determinant factor of the impairment.     

"两次打击"急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织NF-kB p65 mRNA的表达

目的观察用油酸(OA)和脂多糖(LPS)两次打击急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织核因子———kB(NF_kB)p65 mRNA表达量的变化,探讨转录调节因子NF_kB p65与急性肺损伤的关系。方法用OA(0.2mL/kg)和LPS(2mg/kg)两次打击,建立两次打击急性肺损伤(ALI)模型,进行ALI大鼠血液白细胞(WBC)分类计数和肺指数测定、肺组织病理学检查,采用原位杂交检测肺组织中NF_kB p65 mRNA的表达。结果两次打击后的ALI大鼠血液中WBC和肺指数显著升高,WBC分类呈现淋巴细胞比率降低而中性粒细胞比例增高的变化,呈典型的急性炎症表现,肺脏病理改变严重。原位杂交检测显示,ALI大鼠肺组织细胞中NF_kB p65 mRNA的表达明显增强。结论在ALI大鼠肺组织细胞中NF_kB p65 mRNA的表达量增强,参与了急性肺损伤的发病作用。     

几丁质·几丁聚糖对运动训练小鼠肝组织自由基代谢及血清GPT活性的影响

通过建立灌服几丁质·几丁聚糖小鼠的力竭游泳训练实验模型 ,测定了小鼠肝组织的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)的活性、丙二醛 (MDA)的水平以及血清谷丙转氨酶(GPT)的活性 .结果表明 ,灌服几丁质·几丁聚糖后 ,小鼠游泳运动力能明显提高 ;肝组织SOD活性显著高于各自对照组 ;MDA含量显著低于各自对照组 .说明几丁质·几丁聚糖具有较强的抗自由基损伤和抗脂质过氧化损伤的作用 ,服用几丁质·几丁聚糖可减轻运动所产生的内源性自由基对小鼠的伤害 .另外 ,几丁质·几丁聚糖对小鼠肝细胞膜有保护作用 ,可减少组织酶的外泄 .     

SD大鼠心气虚证动物模型的建立与评价

目的　探讨心气虚证动物模型的建立方法。方法　SD大鼠 4 0只采用基础进食量 2 4d ,每日按自身体重的5 %强迫负重游泳至力竭 ,大剂量灌服心得安 2 4mg 10 0g等综合方法建立心气虚证动物模型 ,其中 2 0只作为人参药物反证组。并设立正常对照组 4 0只 ,以进一步证明所建立模型是心气虚证动物模型。结果　与正常对照组比较 ,模型组大鼠心脏收缩功能和舒张功能均有所下降 ,反映虚证的SOD含量减少 ,MDA含量增加。而所有定量指标均发生了符合心气虚证的变化。结论　采用基础进食量、强迫负重游泳及大剂量灌服心得安的综合方法建立心气虚证动物模型是可行的     

Theory (In-)Equivalence and conventionalism in f(R) gravity

f(R) Gravity is the most natural extension of General Relativity within Riemannian Geometry. Due to (inter alia) its potential capacity for a unified treatment of early and late-time cosmic expansion, it has enjoyed recent attention in astrophysics and cosmology. I critically examine three inter-related claims found in the pertinent physics literature, of general interest to the philosopher of science. 1. f(R) Gravity is equivalent to a particular Brans-Dicke Theory. 2. The spacetime geometry underpinning f(R) Gravity has substantial conventional elements. 3. f(R) Gravity is an instance of a theory in which the distinction between matter and spacetime is conventional. Whilst the first claim can be vindicated in precise terms, the remaining two claims, I submit, are unwarranted – at least for the reasons usually adduced. On different grounds, though, the case for conventionalism about spacetime geometry in f(R) Gravity (as well as General Relativity) turns out to be considerably stronger.     

2010年实验用鼠健康状况的病理学调查和分析

应用石蜡切片及H.E染色法,于2010年5月和10月分别对10家和14家实验动物单位的4～6周龄实验用鼠的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、大肠和小肠进行组织学观察。结果显示,绝大多数的实验用鼠为健康动物,而非健康动物以脂肪肝和轻度肺炎为主要病变,且发病率稳定。这可能与饲养的环境和饲料有关,加强饲养管理可以使这种情况得到改善。     

Similarity between the effects of suprachiasmatic nuclei lesions and of pinealectomy on gonadotropin release in ovariectomized,sulpiride-treated and melatonin-replaced rats

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of pineal indole treatments on LH and FSH release in pinealectomized and suprachiasmatic lesioned and ovariectomized rats rendered hyperprolactinemic by acute sulpiride treatment. pinealectomy or suprachiasmatic nuclei lesions in female rats both decreased plasma LH and FHS at 10, but not at 20 d after surgery, whereas the daily afternoon administration of melatonin effectively restored levels of both gonadotropins to control values. In ovariectomized rats, pinealectomy or suprachiasmatic nuclei lesions were ineffective in counteracting the high plasma levels of LH and FSH. However, sulpiride treatment in both pinealectomized and suprachiasmatic nuclei lesioned and castrated female rats significantly decreased the levels of LH and FSH, an effect which was counteracted by daily afternoon melatonin administration. Other pineal indoles tested, i.e., 5-hydroxy- and 5-methoxytryptophol, were ineffective in regulating gonadotropin levels. The results suggest that the pineal gland, through its hormone melatonin, can modulate gonadotropin secretion by acting on a dopamine mechanism independent of hypothalamic suprachiasmatic areas.     

Genetic models in brain and behavior research,part IV

Four reviews on the the role of developmental factors in hypertension are introduced and set in historical context. Recent research in the laboratory rat has shown that the preweaning environment makes an important contribution to the level of blod-pressure reached in adult life in genetic models of hypertension. Both of the most commonly used models of hypertension, the SHR and SS/Jr rat strains, exhibit lower BP in adult life, if they are fostered shortly after birth to mothers from their normotensive control strains. It has been suggested that it is the idiosyncratic maternal behavior of the hypertensive mothers which contributes to the elevated BP of their offspring, and it has been amply demonstrated that there is an association between a constellation of behaviors emitted by rat mothers and the adult BP of their offspring in a wide variety of genetic groups (inbred hypertensive animals, F1's and F2's). In addition to the above, maternal environment has been demonstrated to have a significant impact on the pathophysiological response of hypertensive animals to a high salt diet. Being raised by an SHR mother, versus an SS/Jr mother, increases the magnitude of BP increases to a high salt diet, susceptibility to hemorrhagic stroke, body weight loss and the risk of mortality. A variety of physiological systems are undergoing rapid change during the preweaning period and may mediate the effects of differences in the maternal environment. These include the renin-angiotensin system and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. Nutritional factors may be involved in all of the phenomena referred to above. Thus, any physiological mechanisms that are proposed to link maternal behavior to its effects on the physiology of adult animals should recognize the involvement of nutritional factors. Research on the role of developmental factors such as maternal behavior in genetic models of hypertension is at the interface of two growing disciplines: behavior genetics and developmental psychobiology. The methodological and conceptual contributions of these fields to advancing our understanding of these phenomena is emphasized.     

Difference of the inhibitory action of verapamil on the positive inotropic effect of Ca2+ between spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rat myocardium

Summary Verapamil, a calcium entry blocker, had a greater inhibitory effect on the positive inotropic effect of excess Ca²⁺ in SHR than in NWR, suggesting that the cardiac responsiveness to verapamil was enhanced in SHR.