Plasma adenosine concentrations are elevated in Dahl salt-sensitive rats

We measured plasma levels of adenosine in Dahl salt-sensitive rats (DS) and Dahl salt-resistant rats (DR) to examine the potential role of adenosine in cardiovascular regulation in this type of hypertension. Plasma adenosine concentrations were significantly higher in DS than in DR. The NaCl content in the diet did not affect plasma adenosine concentration in either DS or DR. Significant positive correlation was found between adenosine concentrations and systolic blood pressure when the data for DS and DR were analyzed together. These results suggest that adenosine may play an important role in the pathophysiology of hypertension in DS.     

Genetic and environmental influences on reactive and spontaneous locomotor activities in rats

Paired groups of rats (derived from divergent, selective breeding or living in divergent environmental conditions) were compared with regard to locomotor activities. Intrapair differences were found to vary non-systematically, depending upon whether the rats were initially exposed to a test-environment with or without a slight environmental modification (reactive activities), or were allowed to habituate extensively to the environment (spontaneous activity). Since the behavioral patterns were found to represent distinct entities, this pointed to the necessity of differentiating clearly between spontaneous and reactive activities and indicated, once again, that both genetic and environmental influences are important in these behaviors and must be taken into account. Accepting and controlling for these variables makes it possible to use the factor of individual differences in laboratory animal behavior to advantage.     

Increased responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to steroid feedback effects in ovariectomized rats treated neonatally with monosodium L-glutamate

Summary Chronic ovariectomized rats treated neonatally with MSG showed reduced circulating concentrations of LH coupled with elevated hypothalamic LHRH stores. Despite the apparent loss of LHRH secretion, the small pituitary glands showed an increased density of LHRH receptors and normal responsiveness to the releasing hormone. The positive feedback effects of progesterone on LH release in oestrogen-primed animals was greatly exaggerated reflecting the build-up of hypothalamic LHRH stores without loss of pituitary responsiveness to LHRH.     

Genetic and environmental influences on behavioral and neurochemical aspects of emotionality in rats

Summary Three pairings of rats (two derived from divergent, selective breeding and one from divergent environmental conditions) were compared with regard to behavioral and hormonal parameters. Striking differences were observed: results obtained in our own laboratory as well as those found in a review of the literature pointed to higher emotionality (e.g., increased defecation and corticosterone secretion, etc.) in Roman low-avoidance, Wistar-Kyoto and group-housed rats, as compared to their respective counterparts, Roman high-avoidance, spontaneously hypertensive, and individually housed Wistar rats. Concomitant receptor binding studies reviewed here (³H-diazepam- and³H-imipramine-binding sites) have revelaed, however, less consistent intrapair differences.     

Maternal influences on cardiovascular pathophysiology

Elevated blood pressure (BP) is of special clinical significance because of its association with pathophysiologies such as heart disease, renal failure, and stroke. We described the development of a protocol for use with hypertensive rats in which prepubertal exposure to a high salt (8% NaCl) diet results in a pathophysiological syndrome including rapid increase in BP, failure to maintain normal weight gain, renal damage, cerebrovascular lesions, and early mortality. These phenomena are described for the inbred spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), and for reciprocal F₁ hybrids of a cross between SHR and the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS/Jr) inbred strain. The study with reciprocal F₁s revealed striking effects of maternal environment on pathophysiological response to a high salt diet. F₁s nurtured by SHR mothers weighed less at 35 days of age, and after exposure to the high salt diet suffered more rapid BP increases, greater incidence of stroke, body weight loss, and mortality, than F₁s nurtured by SS/Jr dams. These results suggest that maternal mediation of the nutritional status of the animal may play an important role in determining susceptibility to elevated BP and subsequent pathophysiology associated with exposure to a high salt diet. The implication of these findings for human hypertension is briefly discussed.     

RT-qPCR检测Wistar大鼠黄嘌呤脱氢酶/氧化酶基因 转录水平方法的建立

目的 建立实时荧光定量(RT-qPCR)检测Wistar大鼠黄嘌呤脱氢酶/氧化酶(XDH/XO)基因转录水平的方法,以在转录水平上对XDH/XO基因进行定量检测。方法 提取Wistar大鼠肝脏组织中总RNA,经逆转录得到cDNA, 以10倍为稀释因子稀释为5个浓度梯度,使用设计的引物序列和内参基因进行RT-qPCR检测,得到XDH/XO基因表达的标准曲线。进而检测Wistar大鼠高尿酸血症动物模型中XDH/XO基因转录水平的变化。结果 RT-qPCR法检测得到的XDH/XO基因标准曲线溶解峰单一,R2接近1,能检测出高尿酸动物模型中XDH/XO基因转录水平的变化。结论 RT-qPCR检测Wistar大鼠XDH/XO基因转录水平的方法具有定量准确,重复性好的特点,可应用于高尿酸血症的发病机理、新药研究等方面。     

治疗干预对大鼠结核性脑膜炎蛛网膜颗粒结构的影响

目的观察药物治疗干预措施对结核性脑膜炎大鼠蛛网膜颗粒结构的影响,为研究结核性脑膜炎继发脑积水形成机制和药物干预治疗提供理论依据。方法建立大鼠结核性脑膜炎模型,分为A、B、C、D组(实验组),实验A、B、C组均给予异烟肼及利福平抗结核治疗,其中B、C组分别另外经小脑延髓池注射尿激酶(B)、乌司他丁(C),D组为非治疗干预组,E组为健康空白对照组。第3周,处死大鼠,之前经小脑延髓池注入亚甲蓝定位蛛网膜颗粒,使用TUNEL法观察5组大鼠蛛网膜颗粒细胞凋亡情况差异。结果 A、B、C组蛛网膜颗粒中偶见细胞凋亡,非治疗干预D组蛛网膜颗粒中凋亡细胞增多,对照组未见凋亡。结论大鼠结核性膜炎后存在广泛的蛛网膜下腔炎症反应过程,使蛛网膜颗粒出现过度的细胞凋亡,治疗干预可能减少蛛网膜颗粒细胞凋亡。     

不同周龄盐敏感大鼠血压相关因素的分析

摘要: 本文叙述盐敏感大鼠起源和研究历史,着重分析了相关因素对不同周龄盐敏感大鼠血压变化的影响,包括观察高盐摄入的妊娠期( 21 d) 雌鼠对子代遗传因素的影响,比较高盐摄入后哺乳期( 出生后 3 周) 、幼鼠期或青春期前期( 3 ～ 5 周) 、青春期( 6 ～ 8 周) 和成熟期( 8 周以上) 等盐敏感大鼠血压变化的差异,对比药物干预( 噻嗪类利尿剂、坎地沙坦和依普利酮) 不同周龄盐敏感大鼠血压下降的水平,以及分别讨论钾与钙的摄入对不同周龄盐敏感大鼠血压的影响。通过分析盐敏感大鼠高血压病血压水平的影响因素,为科研实验提供有效的依据。     

电针对去势SD大鼠骨密度的影响

目的从骨密度探讨针刺防治不同程度骨量丢失的绝经后骨质疏松症大鼠模型的作用机理。方法选用10-12月龄清洁级雌性sD大鼠分组：假手术大鼠为对照组;去势大鼠按骨量丢失程度分层,按随机数字表法分为模型组、电针组、药物组、电针加药物组,每组10只。假手术组不摘除卵巢,其余4组均摘除双侧卵巢。术后8周,分别测定各组大鼠股骨、第4及第5腰椎的骨密度。结果模型组骨密度值明显低于假手术组;电针组与药物组比较骨密度值相当;电针加药物组与模型组比较骨密度明显高于模型组。结论电针在改善去势sD大鼠骨密度方面具有与药物（阿仑磷酸钠）相同的功效,在服用阿仑磷酸钠的同时,辅以电针,电针能够明显促进药物的功效。     

牡蛎提取液对小鼠运动耐力、血液生化指标的影响

通过建立长期递增负荷训练、力竭训练游泳运动模型,探讨牡蛎提取液对长期训练小鼠运动耐力、血液生化指标影响．研究表明：运动训练的小鼠比安静状态下的小鼠血红蛋白水平显著降低,血中乳酸、肌酸激酶和尿素氮的水平显著升高;而补充牡蛎提取液可使运动训练小鼠血红蛋白的水平显著升高,血中乳酸、肌酸激酶和尿素氮的水平显著下降,并可使小鼠力竭运动时间明显延长．因此,牡蛎提取液可提高机体的造血功能和循环系统功能,增强机体的运动能力．