Interactional expertise and embodiment

In this four part exchange, Evan Selinger starts by stating that Collins’s empirical evidence in respect of linguistic socialization and its bearing on artificial intelligence and expertise is valuable; it advances philosophical and sociological understanding of the relationship between knowledge and language. Nevertheless, he argues that Collins mischaracterizes the data under review and thereby misrepresents how knowledge is acquired and understates the extent to which expert knowers are embodied. Selinger reconstructs the case for the importance of the body in the initial acquisition of language and challenges Collins to show how a disembodied entity could become fluent in any language at all.Collins responds by accepting that his approach does not demonstrate quite as much about the irrelevance of the body as he thought it did but that even though he accepts all of Selinger’s claims, ‘the body’ as needed by the philosophical approach set out by Selinger is still a vestigial thing. Collins’s main point, however, is that the philosophical view of the body—the world is divided into embodied agents and unembodied entities—distracts attention from the more interesting empirically researchable question of how the ability to become socialized diminishes, if it does, as the body become more and more minimal. The right research question is not about whether a person can extrapolate from minimal sensory input but how much extrapolation is possible under different circumstances and how it is done.Dreyfus, having seen the whole of the exchange so far, agrees that both have a point but argues that Collins’s approach still misses the well established importance of bodily engagement for full understanding.Collins responds to this by trying to set out more clearly the position associated with the idea of interactional expertise.     

德雷福斯的“无表征智能”及其挑战

立足梅洛-庞蒂的现象学思想和神经科学解释,德雷福斯提出了"无表征智能"的设想。基于不同角度对德雷福斯设想的批判性审视,我们看到这一设想面临着诸多挑战:很难确定专家级别的熟练技能行为完全脱离表征;命题式表征的批判并不意味着消除任何形式的表征;发挥现象学在认知科学研究中的积极作用需要阐明一种建设性的纲领。     

论心理学研究的两种取向

当代心理学研究存在着科学主义和人文主义两种不同取向 ,并且长期对峙。由于其哲学基础的对立 ,形成了实证主义与现象学方法论的对立 ,从而构成科学主义和人文主义的对峙。21世纪 ,心理学必须采取“元分析”的态度、采用唯物辩证法、加强理论建构 ,促使心理学通过两个主义的对抗斗争 ,相互扬弃得以较快的发展     

格式塔与意识领域——论古尔维奇对胡塞尔先验现象学的批判与重构

古尔维奇(1901-1973)是20世纪20年代至70年代现象学运动中最重要的哲学家之一。其所创立的格式塔现象学具有非常重要的理论价值,它最终启发梅洛.庞蒂创建了身体现象学。为了解决意识的同一性问题,古尔维奇创造性地运用格式塔感知理论对胡塞尔现象学进行了批判性改造,这主要体现在他对胡塞尔感知现象学和意向相关项理论的批评和重构中。由于对格式塔结构的倚重,古尔维奇最终创建了一个没有先验自我概念的现象学,即格式塔现象学。     

仿生设计类型分析研究

基于类型学的仿生设计因在各种现象之间建立关系而有助于论证和研究,所以依据设计思维的切入点和设计美学核心层的区别,建构了一种新的分析角度,并试图通过这些分析,寻找超越现象层面的对仿生设计意义和价值更为深入的探索和领悟。