创新精神是镇江历史文化宝库中光芒四射的瑰宝——以"三星"、"双璧"、"二米"为例

以镇江的古今"科教三星"(祖冲之星、沈括星、茅以升星),南朝"文学双璧"(刘勰著<文心雕龙>、萧统主编<文选>),宋代"书画二米"(米芾、米友仁)为例,揭示其精神内蕴、概括其历史功绩、赞颂其高风亮节,总结出创新科技精神是镇江历史文化宝库中光芒四射的瑰宝,是镇江历史文化中最宝贵的精神财富,是镇江城3 000年连续不断的巨大动力.     

《内蒙古大学学报》(自然科学版)2001-2010年载文被引统计分析

利用中国知网引文数据库的检索功能,从文献引证的角度统计分析《内蒙古大学学报》(自然科学版)从2001年至2010年近10年载文的被引用情况.研究发现,统计区间内的载文量为1444篇,被引文献844篇,被引率为58.45%,总被引频次为4173,单篇最高被引频次是76.同时,对被引论文的年份、作者及引用期刊分布进行了系统分析,特别阐述了其中高被引论文的详细信息,表明期刊被引的优势学科为生物学,且计算机技术已成为新的学科关注点,这一趋势与该刊的网络传播趋势一致.     

近五年来中国现代科学家研究述评

科学家研究是中国现代科技史研究的进路和重要内容。本文以近五年来六种期刊发表的科学家研究论文为例,对学界对此问题的研究做简单述评,并认为应该加强科学思想史的研究。     

筒中筒结构动力时程分析的精细积分法

采用筒中筒结构的并联铁摩辛柯梁模型,先从结构总势能出发,求得筒中筒结构协同分析的哈密顿对偶体系,然后由两端边值问题精细积分法中的区段混合能矩阵推导出结构的层单元刚度矩阵,利用有限元刚度集成法形成总刚矩阵,最后采用初值问题的精细积分法对筒中筒结构进行动力时程分析,并编制相应的Matlab程序.通过算例验证了方法的可靠性与可行性,该方法也适用于框架、剪力墙、框剪等高层建筑结构的动力时程分析.     

古代DNA 技术及其在家养动物驯化历史研究中的应用

家养动物始终伴随着人类文明的发生、发展, 其起源和驯化历史一直备受关注. 而在其 近万年的演化历史中, 家养和野生群体间可能发生基因互渗及替代, 因此基于现代物种DNA 信息进行的历史推断可能存在偏差. 近年来, 古代生物遗骸中的DNA (古代DNA)获取技术日 益成熟, 为这类研究开辟了新的途径. 本文总结了近年来古代DNA 技术研究进展, 点评了古 代生物遗骸DNA 的获取和鉴别方法、古代DNA 提取、扩增及测序技术的革新. 最后, 本文综 述了古代DNA 技术在猪、马、羊、狗等主要家养动物驯化历史研究中的应用进展, 为该技术 的进一步发展及应用提供有益的参考.     

Natural diversity: A neo-essentialist misconstrual of homeostatic property cluster theory in natural kind debates

In natural kind debates, Boyd's famous Homeostatic Property Cluster theory (HPC) is often misconstrued in two ways: Not only is it thought to make for a normative standard for natural kinds, but also to require the homeostatic mechanisms underlying nomological property clusters to be uniform. My argument for the illegitimacy of both overgeneralizations, both on systematic as well as exegetical grounds, is based on the misconstrued view's failure to account for functional kinds in science. I illustrate the combination of these two misconstruals with recent entries into the natural kind debate about emotions. Finally, I examine and reject Stich's “Kornblith-Devitt method” as a potential justification of these misconstruals.     

南宁市城市森林发展现状与对策

介绍南宁市城市森林的发展及城市空间格局的变迁,指出南宁市城市森林发展中存在缺乏长期全面合理的规划、城市森林体系尚未形成,大量使用草坪、绿化模式单一,城市森林的经营管理水平较低、缺乏高层次的管理人才等问题.建议南宁市城市森林建设要与城市空间格局、环境格局相结合,完善城市森林体系建设;要因地制宜,突出地方城市森林特色;要将城市森林纳入生态网络,促进生物多样性和景观多样性;要保护城市生态环境,提高全民城市森林建设意识.     

基础隔震结构的能量反应分析

文章通过建立有隔震和无隔震的4层框架结构的分析模型,对其分别输入3条典型的地震波进行地震能量反应分析,结果表明隔震结构能较好地满足能量方程;适当降低隔震支座屈服强度对于保护上部结构更加有利;地震波的能量持时和卓越周期对结构地震能量反应具有重大影响。     

Observations of water-flea Daphnia magna and avian fecalia in rock pools: is traditional natural history reporting still relevant for science?

Unexpected observation of freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna in temporary rock pools on a small island off the Norwegian Atlantic coast confirms colonising ability, mediated through avian dispersal. Robust diapausal eggs of D. magna pass the gut of migrating geese and subsequently hatch in environments where such waterfowl forage and rest along migrating routes. The incubation experiment demonstrates that decomposing fecalia of geese constitute sufficient feed to support developing populations of D. magna in experimental oligotrophic conditions. The findings also show that D. magna is highly adapted for colonisation of temporary pools north of the Arctic Polar Circle, with excellent tolerance to low temperatures. Discussion part I relates the findings to published evidence on avian transport of invertebrate propagules, such as correlations between migration patterns of waterfowl and geographical patterns of aquatic invertebrate diversity. Discussion part II reflects on academic cultures, epistemological aspects of natural history reporting, the presence of a whale cadaver as an ecological indicator and the relevance of simple observation as a starting point for further discourse.     

Kant on anatomy and the status of the life sciences

This paper contributes to recent interest in Kant's engagement with the life sciences by focusing on one corner of those sciences that has received comparatively little attention: physical and comparative anatomy. By attending to remarks spread across Kant's writings, we gain some insight into Kant's understanding of the disciplinary limitations but also the methodological sophistication of the study of anatomy and physiology. Insofar as Kant highlights anatomy as a paradigmatic science guided by the principle of teleology in the Critique of the Power of Judgment, a more careful study of Kant's discussions of anatomy promises to illuminate some of the obscurities of that text and of his understanding of the life sciences more generally. In the end, it is argued, Kant's ambivalence with regard to anatomy gives way to a pessimistic conclusion about the possibility that anatomy, natural history, and, by extension, the life sciences more generally might one day become true natural sciences.