Selected mouse lines,alcohol and behavior

Summary The technique of selective breeding has been employed to develop a number of mouse lines differing in genetic sensitivity to specific effects of ethanol. Genetic animal models for sensitivity to the hypnotic, thermoregulatory, excitatory, and dependence-producing effects of alcohol have been developed. These genetic animal models have been utilized in numerous studies to assess the bases for those genetic differences, and to determine the specific neurochemical and neurophysiological bases for ethanol's actions. Work with these lines has challenged some long-held beliefs about ethanol's mechanisms of action. For example, lines genetically sensitive to one effect of ethanol are not necessarily sensitive to others, which demonstrates that no single set of genes modulates all ethanol effects. LS mice, selected for sensitivity to ethanol anesthesia, are not similarly sensitive to all anesthetic drugs, which demonstrates that all such drugs cannot have a common mechanism of action. On the other hand, WSP mice, genetically susceptible to the development of severe ethanol withdrawal, show a similar predisposition to diazepam and phenobarbital withdrawal, which suggests that there may be a common set of genes underlying drug dependentcies. Studies with these models have also revealed important new directions for future mechanism-oriented research. Several studies implicate brain gamma-aminobutyric acid and dopamine systems as potentially important mediators of susceptibility to alcohol intoxication. The stability of the genetic animal models across laboratories and generations will continue to increase their power as analytic tools.     

Forskolin supresses seizures induced by pentylenetrazol in mice

Summary Forskolin, an adenylate cyclase activator when injected s.c. (1 mg/kg) in mice, caused an elevation of cAMP in the forebrain and cerebellum of up to 170% and 130%, respectively. The treatment was found to prevent seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol. This suppression had subsided 30 min after the injection, when cAMP level was again normal in the cerebellum but still elevated in the forebrain.     

A potential difference across mouse ovarian follicle

Summary A small potential difference (antrum positive) has been measured with fine-tipped glass microelectrodes across the epithelial cell layers of the mouse ovarian follicle wall. As ovulation approached the potential in the antrum became more positive compared to the outside. Metabolic inhibitors and locally active hormones also altered the potential difference. The ionic basis and the significance of the potential difference are unknown.     

Misère规则下Mouse游戏的最优策略

研究misère规则下一种新的公平组合游戏——Mouse游戏.确定出Mouse游戏的所有P位置,从而得到Mouse游戏的最优策略.     

双VGA显示下的视频传输自动切换的实现

设计了一种双屏显示技术下的VGA视频自动选择器,能够根据从操作系统获取的鼠标位置信息选择当前VGA信号作为输出,实现了输出视频随鼠标在VGA间移动时进行自动切换。在使用多屏显示的视频会议系统中,手工切换输出视频方式经常会导致正在讨论的问题与展示内容不同步。这一装置能够很好地解决这类问题。     

Increased apoptosis in differentiating p27-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells

In mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells, the expression of p27 is elevated when differentiation is induced. Using mES cells lacking p27 we tested the importance of p27 for the regulation of three critical cellular processes: proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Although cell cycle distribution, DNA synthesis, and the activity of key G1/S-regulating cyclin-dependent kinases remained unaltered in p27-deficient ES cells during retinoic acid-induced differentiation, the amounts of cyclin D2 and D3 in such cells were much lower compared with normal mES cells. The onset of differentiation induces apoptosis in p27-deficient cells, the extent of which can be reduced by artificially increasing the level of cyclin D3. We suggest that the role of p27 in at least some differentiation pathways of mES cells is to prevent apoptosis, and that it is not involved in slowing cell cycle progression. We also propose that the pro-survival function of p27 is realized via regulation of metabolism of D-type cyclin(s).Received 25 February 2004; received after revision 5 April 2004; accepted 15 April 2004     

Evidence for reopening of the cranial neural tube in mouse embryos treated with cadmium chloride

Summary Use of the whole-embryo culture technique resulted in experiemtal evidence that the pathogenesis of exencephaly in mouse embryos after cadmium chloride treatment results from reopening of the cranial neural tube.     

The effects of time of equilibration with cryoprotectants at 0°C prior to freezing on the survival of mouse embryos frozen by the two-step method

Summary Mouse embryos were frozen by the two-step method after equilibration for 0.1–60 min with cryoprotectants at 0°C. No survival or a very low survival was obtained after equilibration for only 0.1 min. The morulae showed the highest survival rates when equilibration time was 5–30 min with 2 M DMSO, 20–30 min with 2 M glycerol, 5–10 min with 2 M ethylene glycol and 20–30 min with 2 M propylene glycol, respectively.     

多基因突变小鼠模型与动脉粥样硬化研究

目前己知人类有近 2 0 0 0 0种疾病 ,其发生与发展都与基因受损有着直接或间接的关系 ,其中相当一部分疾病的发病涉及到两个以上的基因功能异常。动脉粥样硬化 (AS)、肥胖、糖尿病、高血压等多基因疑难疾病是目前严重影响人类健康的重大疾病。在AS的发病过程中 ,血脂代谢异常是其重要原因之一。在载脂蛋白E(apoE)通过与低密度脂蛋白受体 (LDLR)和乳糜微粒受体的特异性结合 ,介导血浆脂蛋白的转运与清除 ,在脂质的代谢中起着非常重要的作用。瘦素受体 (OB R)在体内介导瘦素的信号传导 ,调节能量代谢与平衡与肥胖以及血脂代谢有关。通过…     

结核分枝杆菌对感染小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞转铁蛋白受体和铁蛋白表达的影响

探讨不同毒力结核分枝杆菌感染对小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞转铁蛋白受体(TfR)和铁蛋白(Fn)表达的影响及其时相性变化。利用制备的卡介苗(以下简称BCG)和结核分枝杆菌国际标准强毒株H37Rv株(以下简称H37Rv株)悬液,分别经小鼠尾静脉注射,建立各组小鼠感染模型,各组小鼠感染模型建立成功后,分别于第1、3、5、7、9、11、13、15天,进行各组小鼠肺泡灌洗,收集小鼠肺泡灌洗液,获取各组小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞。应用ELISA方法和Western blot技术检测各组小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞TfR和Fn的表达。利用ELISA方法检测各组小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞TfR的表达结果显示:H37RV组与BCG组小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞TfR表达均高于空白对照组,在感染第7、9、11天差异最明显,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。利用Western blot技术检测各组小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞TfR表达结果显示:于模型建成后第7、9、11天,H37RN组、BCG组、空白对照组三组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。用ELISA方法和Western blot技术检测各组小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞内Fn表达结果显示:于模型建成后第7、9、11天,H37RV组与BCG组的小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞内Fn表达量明显减低,并且于第7天时表达量最第,异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结核分枝杆菌感染小鼠,导致小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞TfR的表达增高,而Fn的表达降低。不同毒力的结核杆菌感染后Fn蛋白表达差异并不明显,而不同毒力的结核杆菌感染后TfR蛋白的表达有差异性。