大学教师角色扮演的哲学与社会学分析

要想获得一幅大学教师在现代社会中全景式、最真实的角色扮演图景,必须采取不同于以往的理论视域,这就是兼合社会学"拟剧论"与"批判理论",兼合哲学认识论与生存论,以及使群体类生存的实践与个体的生存实践互释,通过理论的这种综合创新就可以获得一种完整、真切、清晰的看问题的境界与高度.     

古机械复原研究的方法与程序

古机械的复原是以一古机械原型为本体,根据古代的机械原理、机械工程、以及工艺技术等,重新建构此一机械.本研究以古中国机械为对象,根据史料成分进行分类,并提出一复原研究程序,有系统地建构古机械原型及古代机械科技和工艺,目的在提供研究机械史学领域的一个创新方法.     

Ordinary language philosophy,explanation, and the historical turn in philosophy of science

Taking a cue from remarks Thomas Kuhn makes in 1990 about the historical turn in philosophy of science, I examine the history of history and philosophy of science within parts of the British philosophical context in the 1950s and early 1960s. During this time, ordinary language philosophy's influence was at its peak. I argue that the ordinary language philosophers' methodological recommendation to analyze actual linguistic practice influences several prominent criticisms of the deductive-nomological model of scientific explanation and that these criticisms relate to the historical turn in philosophy of science. To show these connections, I primarily examine the work of Stephen Toulmin, who taught at Oxford from 1949 to 1954, and Michael Scriven, who completed a dissertation on explanation under Gilbert Ryle and R.B. Braithwaite in 1956. I also consider Mary Hesse's appeal to an ordinary language-influenced account of meaning in her account of the role of models and analogies in scientific reasoning, and W.H. Watson's Wittgensteinian philosophy of science, an early influence on Toulmin. I think there are two upshots to my historical sketch. First, it fills out details of the move away from logical positivism to more historical- and practice-focused philosophies of science. Second, questions about linguistic meaning and the proper targets and aims of philosophical analysis are part and parcel of the historical turn, as well as its reception. Looking at the philosophical background during which so-called linguistic philosophers also had a hand in bringing these questions to prominence helps us understand why.     

评蒯因的本体论承诺理论

蒯因用现代逻辑工具构造了一个比较完善的本体论承诺学说,把本体论重拾回哲学的殿堂,此理论有相当的贡献,但其局限性使其应用起来极为困难。     

17世纪英国自然哲学研究方法的近代转型:兼论伦敦皇家学会的诞生

对"自然哲学"事业的共同认知,构成了19世纪之前西方学术群体从事与自然有关的研究和讨论的基础。在英国从中世纪向现代过渡的进程中,自然哲学的研究方法同样经历了一场近代转型。17世纪英国学术共同体在对以亚里士多德为代表的古代权威的质疑中,逐步确立新的实验哲学的坚实基础,自然哲学家不再局限于不考虑现实状况的纯粹思辨,开始通过实验方法对现实世界中真实存在的现象及背后的规律展开观察和解释。伦敦皇家学会的诞生,正是这种转型过程影响力的有力证明,也是其在数十年发展之后水到渠成的成果。     

话“术语哲学”

2003 年,国际术语学研究所举办了东西欧术语学基础理论比较研讨会,在此会议上,来自东、西欧的术语学研究者畅所欲言,对自20世纪30年代以来,在奥地利(代表欧洲中西部地区)和苏联等东欧国家逐渐发展起来的术语学理论进行了深入研讨。俄罗斯女学者阿莱克谢耶娃做了“术语学和哲学之间的相互影响”的主题发言,国际术语学研究所副所长布丁教授也以“对术语哲学的展望”为题做了演讲,它探究了术语学的哲学源头,分析了术语学理论与“知识工程”和“知识本体”的内在联系,以此作为对东欧学者的呼应。文章旨在介绍布丁教授这篇演讲里的重要观点,以期为广大读者充分了解术语学的理论基石提供途径。     

The silence of the norms: The missing historiography of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

History has been disparaged since the late 19th century for not conforming to norms of scientific explanation. Nonetheless, as a matter of fact a work of history upends the regnant philosophical conception of science in the second part of the 20th century. Yet despite its impact, Kuhn’s Structure has failed to motivate philosophers to ponder why works of history should be capable of exerting rational influence on an understanding of philosophy of science. But all this constitutes a great irony and a mystery. The mystery consists of the persistence of a complete lack of interest in efforts to theorize historical explanation. Fundamental questions regarding why an historical account could have any rational influence remain not merely unanswered, but unasked. The irony arises from the fact that analytic philosophy of history went into an eclipse where it remains until this day just around the time that the influence of Kuhn’s great work began to make itself felt. This paper highlights puzzles long ignored regarding the challenges a work of history managed to pose to the epistemic authority of science, and what this might imply generally for the place of philosophy of history vis-à-vis the problems of philosophy.     

有限资源能力下的供需问题研究

将 JIT思想引入供需链管理中 ,建立了具有供应能力、运输能力约束的极小化产品成本费用总额的供需问题计划模型 ,并利用易于求解的线性规划模型 ,提出了一个有效的启发式算法 .该算法可以在多种资源能力平衡的前提下 ,找到较优的供应计划.     

哲学视角下的酸碱理论及其发展

介绍了各种酸碱理论的基本观点,分析了酸碱理论中矛盾的普遍性和矛盾主次方面的作用,以及酸碱理论中体现出来的矛盾的对立统一、矛盾的相互转化和相对性等哲学内涵.应用哲学中认识的基本规律、否定之否定原理、前进性和曲折性原理解析了酸碱理论的发展历程.     

行动者网络理论的工程哲学意蕴——布鲁诺·拉图尔思想研究

行动者网络理论(Actor-Network Theory,简称ANT)从研究科学家和工程师的行动过程展开对科学的研究。由于这个行动过程的异质性、集成性、组织性,因而实际上是把科学知识的生产作为工程来研究。ANT人类学研究方法的外衣下蕴含着丰富而深刻的工程哲学思想。探究ANT中的工程哲学思想对工程哲学的研究具有重要的理论意义。