养殖俄罗斯鲟性腺发育及人工繁殖

在繁殖季节通过肉眼观察和组织切片对池塘养殖7龄的俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedti)性腺发育进行分析,发现雌性个体间性腺发育差异较大(n=500)。其中73%卵巢中可以看到白色卵粒,卵径小于1.0mm;有16%卵巢达到Ⅲ期,卵粒已经着色;有9%卵巢发育到IV期早期,卵径平均为2.6±0.2 mm;还有2%卵巢中肉眼看不到卵粒,组织学观察属于I期卵巢。雄性俄罗斯鲟全部达到性成熟,有部分成熟好的可以挤出精液。激素催产2尾八龄和6尾九龄的雌性俄罗斯鲟,其中7尾催产成功;剖腹手术收集游离卵7.2 kg,催产后的雄鱼全部排精。     

On the natural history of the South American pepper frog,Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Some species of Leptodactylus of the L. pentadactylus group lay their eggs outside water but the tadpoles need to reach water to complete the larval phase; other species complete development in terrestrial nests. Here we present details of the reproduction of L. labyrinthicus in south‐eastern Brazil. The proportion of tadpoles and trophic eggs in aged egg clutches was determined, as well as the growth of the tadpoles while in the nest. The gut contents of tadpoles that were in egg clutches of frogs were analysed. Adult males did not differ from females in size and had hypertrophied forearms and an enlarged spine on the thumb. Reproduction was initiated with the first rains of August/September and extended to mid‐January. Calling and spawning occurred at permanent or temporary water bodies. The foam nests were built in excavated basins outside of, but close to the water. The male determined the place of the basin construction; after amplexus, the female completed the excavation. The amplexus was axillary. One female spent the day after spawning in the foam. The eggs were pale grey, the yolk averaging 2.3?mm in diameter. The mean number of eggs was 2101 per egg clutch. The number of tadpoles in individual nests varied between 0.05% and 11.40% in relation to the total laid eggs. The tadpoles entered water when rains flooded the basin. The tadpoles grew to 12 times the weight of an individual egg while in the nest; no nesting tadpole was beyond stage 25. The longest time we followed tadpoles in a nest was 25 days. Tadpoles were found preying upon eggs of three other frog species and upon conspecific eggs. Males fought by grasping each other in a belly‐to‐belly position; the powerful arms and the thumb spines represent weapons. Even though males can reach maturity in the season following birth, small size would prevent them from establishing their own territory. All the species of the L. pentadactylus group may build their foam nests within excavated basins. The basins may protect the eggs and embryos from cannibalistic tadpoles and may have an anti‐desiccation effect. In order to produce trophic eggs, the female may delay laying additional unfertilized eggs until after the male has abandoned the foam nest. Anuran eggs represent an important food item for tadpoles after they leave the nest.     

Abundance,reproduction, and feeding of three species of British terrestrial planarians: Observations over 4 years

Over 4 years, daily counts recorded 830 Microplana scharffi, 2752 M. terrestris, and 108 of an unknown khaki Microplana species under wood, concrete, polythene, and a plank at a shaded site in a domestic garden. Numbers peaked in July and August. Microplana scharffi more often occurred under polythene, M. terrestris and the khaki species more often under wood. Cocoons peaked in June and July and hatchlings between July and September. Twelve M. terrestris cocoons yielded 50 hatchlings. Three M. scharffi cocoons yielded eight hatchlings. The time taken to hatch reduced from February to August. Earthworms accounted for 87% of M. scharffi prey. Microplana terrestris consumed earthworms, Arion hortensis and Discus rotundatus. Hatchling and unfed M. scharffi were yellow or cream. Fed individuals varied from pink to pale brown, depending on prey colour.     

"泥泥狗"作为文化符号和审美元素的解读

从"泥泥狗"造型、色彩和纹饰特点等方面分析了被称为华夏文明的"活化石"、"真图腾"的"泥泥狗",认为其不仅具有独特的文化美,而且还是远古人类繁衍崇拜的物化和象征.     

Ecological distribution and reproductive period of the hermit crab Loxopagurus loxochelis (Anomura,Diogenidae) on the northern coast of São Paulo State,Brazil

The present study aimed to determine the ecological distribution of Loxopagurus loxochelis as a function of selected environmental factors, as well as its reproductive period based on the combined analysis of the presence of ovigerous females and the development of the gonad. The collections were carried out monthly from January to December 2000 in the region of Ubatuba (SP), using a fishing boat equipped with two double rig nets, in isobaths of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40?m, at which depths samples of sediment and water were collected. The cephalothoracic shield length and sex of the animals were determined; the abdomen was dissected to verify gonad development stages. A total of 334 individuals was obtained (196 males, 48 ovigerous females and 90 non-ovigerous females) with sizes varying from 3.0 to 8.6?mm (5.7±1.0?mm). A greater abundance of L. loxochelis (95.2%) was observed at depths of 20 and 25?m. These sites mainly revealed a substratum stable with a very fine sand fraction, which facilitates the habit of embedding shown by this hermit. With regard to gonadal analysis, it was possible to classify four gonad development stages for each sex: immature, rudimentary, developing and developed. It was observed that in the winter months about 71% of the females had gonads either developing or developed and 67% were ovigerous. Therefore, the winter period can be considered the peak of reproduction for this species, characterizing a typical seasonal-continuous reproduction.     

论原型模式在《呼啸山庄》中的运用

<呼啸山庄>自问世以来在东西方引起了极大反响和关注.从原型批评的角度,对<呼啸山庄>中艾米莉·勃朗特发掘、激活的两个原型模式进行初步探讨.     

试论有性生殖在生活史中的确切阶段

归纳分析了目前关于有性生殖概念含糊、理解不同的状况，提出了生殖阶段概念。认为有性生殖作为生活史中的一个生殖阶段，应指配子产生至结合这一阶段，并包括产生配子的减数分裂的有关过程。     

Immunocytochemical localization of GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) systems in the brain of a marine teleost fish,the sole

Summary The GnRH system was studied in the brain of the sole by immunocytochemistry (peroxidase-antiperoxidase method) (PAP) using antibodies to synthetic salmon GnRH (s-GnRH). Two centers containing immunoreactive cell bodies were observed in the forebrain, one located at the junction between the olfactory bulbs and the telencephalon and the other in the preoptic area. Numerous immunoreactive fibers were found, especially in the telencephalon, hypothalamus, pituitary, optic tectum and retina.     

白唇鹿(Cervus albirostris)生殖器官的形态观察

白唇鹿为我国的特产动物,仅分布于四川、青海、甘肃、西藏的高寒高原地区,是青藏高原的特有种。关于白唇鹿的生态生物学资料已有一些报道。由于高原寒冷的原因。它的繁殖时间较其他鹿类晚,对其生殖器官的解剖特征,至今未见报道。本文根据得自青海祁连县两个白唇鹿成体的生殖器官进行解剖观察,以提供解剖学资料。     

一类具有饱和发生率和分布时滞的HIV感染模型的全局稳定性分析

建立了一类具有饱和发生率和分布时滞的HIV感染模型,给出了病毒感染再生数R0和CTL免疫再生数R1,证明了:当R0≤1时,未感染平衡点是全局稳定的;当R0>1>R1时,无免疫感染平衡点是全局稳定的;当R1>1时,免疫感染平衡点是全局稳定的.