遥感影像提取冰川信息方法研究

以天山博格达峰地区为例,综合目视解译以及计算机自动解译,主要介绍具有代表性的冰川信息提取方法。对各种方法的原理、特点、优势与限制进行了分析、对比、并展望下一步研究方向。在冰川边界提取研究中,目视解译精度高,仍是冰川解译研究中重要的手段。传统基于光谱的解译方法各有优缺,应用于冰川信息的提取需借助于人工修正;基于象元的遥感解译方法应尝试应用到冰川的解译中。     

汶川地震诱发滑坡灾害的数量与面积

2008年5月12日14时28分,以四川省汶川县为震中的地区发生了Ms 8.0级大地震,地震造成了巨大的人员伤亡与财产损失,还诱发了数以万计的滑坡灾害.本研究基于震后航空像片与多源卫星遥感影像,辅以实地调查方法,在GIS平台支持下,对汶川地震诱发的滑坡灾害进行了解译调查工作.截至本文完成,在约48 678 km2的滑坡影响区域内,圈定了48 007个地震诱发滑坡灾害,覆盖面积约711.8 km2,这一数据远高于目前已经发表的结果.解译调查结果表明,汶川地震诱发滑坡类型多样,多沿发震断裂密集分布,形成多处地震堰塞湖.考虑到少部分地区遥感影像质量差且人员无法到达,估计汶川地震实际诱发滑坡数量超过50 000个,覆盖面积约达750 km2.全面客观地统计汶川地震诱发滑坡的数量与面积,对进一步研究地震滑坡空间分布、机理、评价预测,以及反推地震特征有着十分重要的意义.     

动宾结构中动词虚化的认知阐释

动宾结构中常有动词虚化现象,但是从句法学角度检测却没有发现“V＋a look （ at）”中动词的语法性虚化,而是与同源动词结构“look （ at）”在词汇序列方面填入词槽时的方式不同,属于“look （ at）”短语的词汇化过程,与同源结构“look （at）”构成霍恩等级关系,并成为强势的表达式,内蕴了“look （at）”。在认知语用方面,引发“V＋a loot （ at）”结构中V虚化的最大动因是“体验---认知---语言”。     

Failure of ontological excess baggage as a criterion of the ontic approaches to quantum theory

This article presents a discussion of the notion of quantum ontological excess baggage, first proposed by Hardy. It is argued here that this idea does not have the significance suggested in his paper. It is shown that if this concept is properly analyzed, it fails to pose any threat to the ontic approach to quantum theory in general.     

Models as interpreters (with a case study from pain science)

Most philosophical accounts of scientific models assume that models represent some aspect, or some theory, of reality. They also assume that interpretation plays only a supporting role. This paper challenges both assumptions. It proposes that models can be used in science to interpret reality. (a) I distinguish these interpretative models from representational ones. They find new meanings in a target system’s behaviour, rather than fit its parts together. They are built through idealisation, abstraction and recontextualisation. (b) To show how interpretative models work, I offer a case study on the scientific controversy over foetal pain. It highlights how pain scientists use conflicting models to interpret the human foetus and its behaviour, and thereby to support opposing claims about whether the foetus can feel pain. (c) I raise a sceptical worry and a methodological challenge for interpretative models. To address the latter, I use my case study to compare how interpretative and representational models ought to be evaluated.     

The role of symmetry in the interpretation of physical theories

The symmetries of a physical theory are often associated with two things: conservation laws (via e.g. Noether׳s and Schur׳s theorems) and representational redundancies (“gauge symmetry”). But how can a physical theory׳s symmetries give rise to interesting (in the sense of non-trivial) conservation laws, if symmetries are transformations that correspond to no genuine physical difference? In this paper, I argue for a disambiguation in the notion of symmetry. The central distinction is between what I call “analytic” and “synthetic“ symmetries, so called because of an analogy with analytic and synthetic propositions. “Analytic“ symmetries are the turning of idle wheels in a theory׳s formalism, and correspond to no physical change; “synthetic“ symmetries cover all the rest. I argue that analytic symmetries are distinguished because they act as fixed points or constraints in any interpretation of a theory, and as such are akin to Poincaré׳s conventions or Reichenbach׳s ‘axioms of co-ordination’, or ‘relativized constitutive a priori principles’.     

关于孟子"以意逆志"理论的释析

自汉、宋以来，人们对于孟子“以意逆志”理论的阐释，似乎形成了定式，即把“以意逆志”当作读者接受理论。本文则试图从文本入手，结合孟子另一项重要的批评方法——“知人论世”，对这一理论进行重新诠释，复原孟子理论的原意。并在此基础上对这一理论的长处与短处作了深入的分析。     

中国石油资源安全风险分析

在分析中国石油安全的诸多影响因素基础上,采用解释结构模型(ISM)理清各要素之间的相互关系,并针对引起中国石油资源安全风险问题的诸多因素,提出了相应的解决措施。     

Theories,theoretical models,truth

This paper was written with two aims in mind. A large part of it is just an exposition of Tarski's theory of truth. Philosophers do not agree on how Tarski's theory is related to their investigations. Some of them doubt whether that theory has any relevance to philosophical issues and in particular whether it can be applied in dealing with the problems of philosophy (theory) of science.In this paper I argue that Tarski's chief concern was the following question. Suppose a language L belongs to the class of languages for which, in full accordance with some formal conditions set in advance, we are able to define the class of all the semantic interpretations the language may acquire. Every interpretation of L can be viewed as a certain structure to which the expressions of the language may refer. Suppose that a specific interpretation of the language L was singled out as the intended one. Suppose, moreover, that the intended interpretation can be characterized in a metalanguage L ⁺. If the above assumptions are satisfied, can the notion of truth for L be defined in the metalanguage L ⁺ and, if it can, how can this be done?     

一部引导人们走进《楚辞》艺术殿堂的力作——汤漳平译注《楚辞》研究方法刍议

汤漳平先生译注的《楚辞》综合梳理了前人的研究成果,在运用历史学、哲学、美学、文艺学、民俗学、考古学等理论进行观照的基础上提出了自己独到的见解。在马克思主义唯物史观的指导下,重视历史过程的考察,重视文本的解构,较为准确地把握《楚辞》的精髓。