The empirical basis of equilibrium: Mach, Vailati, and the lever

About a century ago, Ernst Mach argued that Archimedes’s deduction of the principle of the lever is invalid, since its premises contain the conclusion to be demonstrated. Subsequently, many scholars defended Archimedes, mostly on historical grounds, by raising objections to Mach’s reconstruction of Archimedes’s deduction. In the debate, the Italian philosopher and historian of science Giovanni Vailati stood out. Vailati responded to Mach with an analysis of Archimedes’s deduction which was later quoted and praised by Mach himself. In this paper, my objective is to show that the debate can be further advanced, as Mach indicated, by reframing it in terms of the empirical vs. the logical dimensions of mechanics. In this way, I will suggest, the debate about Archimedes’s deduction can be resolved in Mach’s favour.     

变压器油中氢气浓度检测

推导了变压器油中溶解气体的分离数学模型，建立了一种用光纤Ｍ－Ｚ干涉仪对低浓度氢气进行检测的实验系统．通过对气室引入声波调制手段，消除了环境因素对干涉仪的干扰，大大地提高了氢气检测的灵敏度     

气相爆轰波与空气冲击波在斜劈上Mach反射的特征参数比较

以传统的烟迹技术记录胞格结构,证实了气相爆轰波 在管道中与斜劈要互作用发生Mach反射,得到了系统的实验结果,在此基础上详细地分析了爆轰波反射后流场的特征参数（三波咪这线与楔面的夹角X与斜劈楔角X与斜劈楔角及气体初压P0的关系等）,并与空气冲击波在斜劈上Mach反射后流场的特征参数进行了比较,初步探讨了参数偏差的原因,这一研究有助于比较深入,全面地了解爆轰波的前导冲击波和横波在Mach反射中所起的作用。     

灵敏稳定的光纤弱磁场传感器

为了使光纤马赫－陈德尔干涉仪在弱磁场传器中能够稳定地工作,作者采用了等长的短干涉臂的措施,这样虽然导致使用的磁致伸缩材料（ＭＴ）长度很短,引起传感器灵敏度降低,但提高了传感器的稳定性。     

Hermann Cohen's Das Princip der Infinitesimal-Methode: The history of an unsuccessful book

This paper offers an introduction to Hermann Cohen's Das Princip der Infinitesimal-Methode (1883), and recounts the history of its controversial reception by Cohen's early sympathizers, who would become the so-called ‘Marburg school’ of Neo-Kantianism, as well as the reactions it provoked outside this group. By dissecting the ambiguous attitudes of the best-known representatives of the school (Paul Natorp and Ernst Cassirer), as well as those of several minor figures (August Stadler, Kurd Lasswitz, Dimitry Gawronsky, etc.), this paper shows that Das Princip der Infinitesimal-Methode is a unicum in the history of philosophy: it represents a strange case of an unsuccessful book's enduring influence. The “puzzle of Cohen's Infinitesimalmethode,” as we will call it, can be solved by looking beyond the scholarly results of the book, and instead focusing on the style of philosophy it exemplified. Moreover, the paper shows that Cohen never supported, but instead explicitly opposed, the doctrine of the centrality of the ‘concept of function’, with which Marburg Neo-Kantianism is usually associated.     

炸药近地爆炸的数值模拟及影响参数的分析

应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元程序建模,在验证模型及参数选取正确可靠的基础上,研究了地面材料、炸药高度、空气域形状以及炸药当量等参数对马赫波超压的影响.结果表明:对于非近距离的爆炸,不同地面上的马赫波超压峰值相差不大,可简化为刚性地面;建模宜选择刚性壳体地面以及长方体空气域;与经验公式相比,数值模拟的马赫波超压峰值误差随着炸药当量的增大而减小,随着炸药高度的减小而增大.     

气相爆轰波在障碍物上Mach反射后流场的分析

论详细分析了气相爆轰波在斜劈上Mach反射后的流场,根据胞格结构的烟迹记录,得到了爆轰波Mach反射时三波点迹线与楔面的夹角X（也称激波角,shock-shock angle)与楔角的定量关系,依此推算出爆轰波绕射楔块时从规则反射（normal reflection)向Mach反射转变的临界角范围,论也分析了影响X角和Mach杆后压力的主要因素,该结果有助于更深入了解爆轰波的本质,也为数值模拟气相爆波在障碍物上Mach反射现象提供了可靠的对照依据。     

由二重递推计算来求解稳态轴对称爱因斯坦真空场方程

利用二重复方法,通过坐标变换将稳态轴对称真空引力场的二重复Ｅｒｎｓｔ方程推广为一种便于进一步利用的新形式的方程组。从该方程组的已知解出发,通过一组递推公式的计算可得到方程的新解。利用此递和多次迭代,则可生成更多的新解。     

高速机动下附面层聚焦效应对机载激光通信性能影响

针对机间光通信中的附面层效应问题,通过对附面层结构的分析,将飞机舱壁外侧附面层视为负透镜,在飞机高速机动和高空大气条件下,对其在机载光通信光束传播中的聚焦效应进行了仿真研究。结果表明:保持飞行高度不变,随着飞行马赫数的增加,附面层的聚焦效应增强。位于海平面高度,马赫数为2以上的飞行平台,附面层焦距和平台曲率半径的比值-F/Rs下降到8以下;当海拔升高到10km和15km,该比值可分别达到16和25;当-F/Rs达到6.3以上,则可满足通信误码率条件。     

环向转动马赫数为常数时的托卡马克平衡位形

在托卡马克等离子体环向转动的马赫数为常数的情况下,对于一定的等离子体压强和电流分布,平衡方程可以化为Grad-Shafranov-Helmholtz方程的形式,其中a1、a2与α的值与没有环向转动的情形均具有相同的物理意义.它可以形成单磁轴的传统嵌套磁面位形,也可以形成多磁轴的电流反向平衡位形.