知识积分与知识熵

基于粗糙集理论的知识库,定义了知识积分和与知识积分,研究了它们自身的性质及与勒贝格积分和、勒贝格积分的关系.证明了知识熵本质是一种知识积分和,并以知识积分和与知识积分为手段研究了知识熵,得出了如知识熵对于定义在知识上的"较细"偏序关系单调下降等重要结论.     

线性传输方程的Entropy-Monotone格式

在守恒律方程组的数值计算中,线性间断的磨损问题备受关注.为了减少线性间断的磨损,针对线性传输方程,提出了Entropy-Monotone格式.该格式属于Godunov型格式,包括重构、发展和求网格平均3个步骤.与传统的Godunov格式不同,该格式同时计算数值解和数值熵,并通过它们构造分片常数的台阶函数.数值实验表明,此格式对线性间断的模拟非常有效.     

宇无热寂

对地球大气分子应用熵增原理，估同宇宙增熵，并分析宇宙自引力系统实质，指出熵增原理的适用范围，批判定宙热寂论。     

The use of the information-theoretic entropy in thermodynamics

When considering controversial thermodynamic scenarios such as Maxwell's demon, it is often necessary to consider probabilistic mixtures of macrostates. This raises the question of how, if at all, to assign entropy to them. The information-theoretic entropy is often used in such cases; however, no general proof of the soundness of doing so has been given, and indeed some arguments against doing so have been presented. We offer a general proof of the applicability of the information-theoretic entropy to probabilistic mixtures of macrostates that is based upon a probabilistic generalisation of the Kelvin statement of the second law. We defend the latter and make clear the other assumptions on which our main result depends. We also briefly discuss the interpretation of our result.     

一种基于模式噪声熵的图像来源取证算法

针对数字图像的来源取证，本文提出了一种基于模式噪声熵的检测算法。传感器作为数码相机的重要部件，由于在制造过程中的缺陷，成像时会给图像带来一种模式噪声。该算法利用传感器产生的模式噪声具有唯一性这一特点，对图像进行小波降噪并提取图像的模式噪声。利用模式噪声的熵值对不同来源的图像进行区分。实验结果表明，该方法对原始图像有较高的检测率，对有损压缩图像也有较好的鲁棒性。     

浅析熵的物理意义及两个常见热力学过程中熵增的计算

“熵”这个概念容易让人感觉晦涩难懂,而一些常见热力学过程中熵增的计算更是让人无从着手．本文从波耳兹曼熵和克劳修斯熵两个角度浅析了熵的定义及统计意义,还根据熵的可加性计算了两个典型的相变过程和热传导过程热力学系统的熵增,并对计算结果进行了讨论．对于一些实际的不可逆过程,尤其是热传导过程,熵增可采用假设一可逆过程求热温比积分的方法,对每一小部分依次与温差非常小的恒温热源接触,温差无限小的热传导过程可视为可逆过程．     

The Limits of Information

Black holes have their own thermodynamics including notions of entropy and temperature and versions of the three laws. After a light introduction to black hole physics, I recollect how black hole thermodynamics evolved in the 1970s, while at the same time stressing conceptual points which were given little thought at that time, such as why the entropy should be linear in the black hole's surface area. I also review a variety of attempts made over the years to provide a statistical mechanics for black hole thermodynamics. Finally, I discuss the origin of the information bounds for ordinary systems that have arisen as applications of black hole thermodynamics.     

基于熵的配送系统柔性库存模型和优化

研究了配送系统的柔性定义并对配送系统所面对的不确定性进行了分析。应用信息论中的熵原理给出了配送系统的库存柔性的定量化定义。基于以上定量化定义建立了以门店和配送中心服务水平为约束的配送系统柔性库存策略优化模型。最后给出一个算例并应用MATLAB遗传算法工具包求出了模型的最优解。算例的优化结果和数据分析表明了此模型的可行性和有效性。     

全同性原理的一种诠释

文章指出用波函数重叠解释全同性原理的错误,提出了用熵对系统微观状态的宏观要求的正确解释,并进一步指出全同性原理的问题仅存在于非定域系统之中。