The Challenging Topics and Future Directions of the Research in Limnology and Watershed Sciences

Based on reviewing the problems in limnology and watershed sciences in meeting the national demands and the development of theories and methodology, this paper proposed some challenging topics to the sciences, covering the process of lake evolution and the quantitative analysis of human impacts, in -lake nutrient cycling an biogeo-chemical process, the process and mechanisms of material flow in lake-watershed system, digital watershed and the modeling of the surface process of lake -watershed, and ecosystem health and scientific management of lake-watershed.     

利用Google Earth标示图片位置

本文采用一种新的方法，利Picasa工具对图片在Google Earth中的位置进行标示，展示了Google Earth的一种新用途。     

机助数据采集与通用平差系统

PC-1500袖珍计算机是理想的野外数据采集工具,IBM系列微机又是比较普及的内业处理机,PC-1500与IBM又可以联机通讯.从而可达到从野外数据采集到内业数据处理的自动化.本文就控制测量的野外数据采集与内业数据处理作了一系列理论研究与实用试验,编制出一整套实用软件.可用于生产实际中.     

当代生命科学研究的新成果

简要介绍了当代生命科学研究取得的新成果，包括揭示泥菌生理奥秘、实现哺乳动物单亲无精生殖、发现戒毒瘾蛋白质、实现基因替代。     

Initial organic geochemical investigation on Late Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian sediments in the Yangtze region, China

Totally 19 samples of typical Upper Proterozoic-Lower Cambrian sedimentary rocks were collected and analyzed for an organic geochemical investigation. Almost all these rocks have high TOCs, super-maturities and similar biomarker distribution. As an exception, however, the Sinian Nantuo Tillite shows much lower TOCs and little phytane and pristane in comparison with those in other strata, which implies a very faint photosynthetic process, and a restricted euphotic zone and quite limited sunlight within the sedimentary water column during the Sinian glaciation age in the western Yangtze region providing an evidence for palaeo-oceanic environment of the Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth age.     

21世纪医学主要进展的预测--以人类后基因组研究为主要特征的医学革命时代

21世纪将是生命科学取得革命性飞跃性进展的时代,同时也是医学上取得伟大进展的时代.这个时代是以功能基因组即后基因组时代为主要特征而发展的,作者从21世纪人类功能基因组将取得的进展;治疗着眼于基因水平;诊断学上的革命;基因治疗将取得的成功;未来医学将把保健、预防、治疗、康复视为整体加以安排;新型有效药物将大量涌现;中医药将取得现代化的发展;人体报废的组织及器官的修复和更替置换;老年人疾病的预防、治疗和寿命的延长以及其它有关问题等十个方面预测了21世纪医药学发展的方方面面,为未来医药学发展提供了轮廓,指明了方向.     

论晚清诸子学研究中"以西释子"的学术特色

在晚清诸子学研究中,由于西学的广泛传播、"西学中源"说的再次兴起和研究方法的内在需要,出现了"以西释子"的学术特色。其发展在晚清大致经历了从通过西学对诸子的再注解来发掘诸子中的自然科技,到阐发诸子中的现代价值观念两个阶段,出现了一系列"以西释子"的学术专著。由于这一学术特色的出现,为中国近代学术研究提供了新的研究方法,推动了西学的中国化和传统文化的现代化,也促进了儒学独尊地位的瓦解。     

Re-situating fieldwork and re-narrating disciplinary history in global mega-geomorphology

In 1985, more than thirty geomorphologists, planetary scientists, and remote sensing specialists gathered at a conference center in Oracle, Arizona, to discuss an emerging area of research that they called “mega-geomorphology.” Building on a conference of the same name held in London in 1981, they argued that new techniques of remote sensing and insights emerging from the study of extraterrestrial planets had created opportunities for geomorphology to broaden its spatial and temporal scope. This new approach was, however, neither unproblematic nor uncontested. In the discussions around mega-geomorphology that took place in the mid-1980s, the perceived conflict between the use of remote-sensing techniques to observe phenomena on vast spatial scales, on one hand, and the disciplinary centrality of fieldwork and field experience to geomorphology, on the other, was a recurrent theme. In response, mega-geomorphologists attempted to re-situate fieldwork and re-narrate disciplinary histories in such a way as to make remote sensing and planetary science not only compatible with geomorphological traditions but also means of revitalizing them. Only partially successful, these attempts reveal that the process of adopting a planetary perspective in geomorphology, as in other earth sciences, was neither straightforward nor inevitable. They also show how the field and fieldwork could remain central to geomorphology while also being extensively revised in light of new technical possibilities and theoretical frameworks.     

Varieties of noise: Analogical reasoning in synthetic biology

The picture of synthetic biology as a kind of engineering science has largely created the public understanding of this novel field, covering both its promises and risks. In this paper, we will argue that the actual situation is more nuanced and complex. Synthetic biology is a highly interdisciplinary field of research located at the interface of physics, chemistry, biology, and computational science. All of these fields provide concepts, metaphors, mathematical tools, and models, which are typically utilized by synthetic biologists by drawing analogies between the different fields of inquiry. We will study analogical reasoning in synthetic biology through the emergence of the functional meaning of noise, which marks an important shift in how engineering concepts are employed in this field. The notion of noise serves also to highlight the differences between the two branches of synthetic biology: the basic science-oriented branch and the engineering-oriented branch, which differ from each other in the way they draw analogies to various other fields of study. Moreover, we show that fixing the mapping between a source domain and the target domain seems not to be the goal of analogical reasoning in actual scientific practice.     

R2Fe17—XAlXNy（R=Pr,Nd）化合物的结构和磁性

研究了Al替代和渗N对二元合金R_2Fe_(17)(R=Pr,Nd)的结构和磁性的影响。X射线衍射表明所有的母合金及其氮化物都结晶为Th_2Zn_(17)型结构。Al替代Fe和渗氮都使晶胞体积增大。R_2Fe_(17-X)Al_X化合物的居里温度随x增大,但R_2Fe_(17-X)Al_X(Al_X)N_Y化合物的居里温度比纯R_2Fe_(17)N_Y化合物的居里温度要低。室温饱和磁化强度随x减小,而且R_2Fe_(17-X)Al_XN_Y化合物的易磁化方向仍在基面内。