基于生态足迹模型的区域生态经济发展分析——以山西为例

生态足迹方法是一种定量衡量人类对自然资源利用程度以及自然界为人类提供生命服务功能的新方法。将该方法应用于山西省生态经济发展分析,结果表明2002年山西省年人均生态足迹为3.5717hm2,人均生态承载力为0.8210 hm2,人均生态赤字为2.6387 hm2,人类活动对自然生态系统的影响已经超出了当地生态承载力的限度,人地关系紧张。     

基于生态足迹下的黑水县生态承载力分析

通过对岷江上游地区黑水县2012年经济发展情况调研和生物消费资料的数据收集,运用生态足迹的理论和方法,计算了黑水县行政区域内各类生物生产性土地的生态足迹和生态承载力.结果显示:黑水县2012年总的生态足迹为71 276.212hm2;总的生态承载力为187 778.85hm2;总生态盈余为116 502.66hm2.从生态盈余情况看出,黑水县总的生态承载力约是总生态足迹的2.6倍,这一地区的发展处于可持续阶段,提出促进土地资源高效利用等建议.     

基于生态足迹模型的土地利用生态承载力评价——以西昌市为例

基于生态足迹模型,对四川省西昌市土地利用生态承载力进行计算分析,结果表明:西昌市人均生态足迹为0.695541,按12%生物多样性扣除后人均生态承载力为0.610628,人均生态赤字为0.08491;西昌市人均资源利用水平远低于中国人均资源利用率。从生态足迹的组分来看,不同土地利用类型的生态足迹由大到小排序,依次为耕地、化石能源用地、水域、建筑用地、草地、林地;西昌市目前的发展模式主要以消耗自然资源存量为主。     

贵州省水资源生态足迹评价与预测

水资源是人类生产生活最关键的资源,对国民经济和社会发展有着不可替代的作用,是实现社会经济可持续发展的社会基础。依据水资源生态足迹的原理和模型,对贵州省2001—2012年水资源生态足迹、生态承载力进行分析。在此基础上,采用指数平滑法对贵州省2013—2016年水资源生态足迹与生态承载力进行预测。结果表明：在2001—2012年间贵州省人均水资源生态足迹总体上呈上升趋势;贵州省历年人均水资源生态承载力均大于生态足迹,存在一定的生态盈余,水资源可持续开发利用情况较好;2013—2016年贵州省人均生态足迹呈上升趋势,2013年人均生态承载力略微下降,水资源仍处于生态盈余状态,但生态盈余量有所减少。水资源生态足迹的变化与社会经济发展密切相关,应该充分考虑贵州省水资源的时空分布情况,调整产业结构,合理调度、利用水资源,促进贵州省整个社会经济的持续发展。     

Environmental impacts of household appliances in Europe and scenarios for their impact reduction

Assessing the environmental impact due to consumption of goods and services is a pivotal step towards achieving the sustainable development goal related to responsible production and consumption (i.e. SDG 12). Household appliances plays a crucial role and should be assessed in a systemic manner, namely considering all life cycle stages, technological efficiency, and affluence aspects. The present study assess the impact of such household appliances used in Europe, and tests scenarios of potential impact reduction at various scales. Life cycle assessment is applied to 14 different household appliances (ranging from dishwashers to television devices) selected to build a set of representative products, based on their economic value and diffusion in households in Europe. Related impacts are calculated with the Environmental Footprint method for calculating a Consumer Footprint “appliances” for the baseline year 2010. A number of scenarios encompassing eco-solutions on a technical level, changes in consumption pattern, behavioral changes, as well as the combination of all these aspects are run to estimate the Consumer Footprint related to household appliances for the year 2030, compared against this baseline scenario. The baseline Consumer Footprint is confirming the importance of the use phase in leading the impacts in almost all impact categories. Testing different scenarios concludes that there is a reduction of the impact for most of the categories (with up to 67% for the ozone depletion potential, and still around 35% for the global warming potential), while two of the here examined impact categories (i.e. land-use and mineral resource depletion) show an overall potential that is even negative – i.e. the results of all scenarios are higher than the ones of the 2010 baseline scenario. The increase in purchase and use of such appliances may offset energy efficiency benefits in some of the examined categories. Hence, the assessment of sustainability of appliances consumption should always include several scales, from the efficiency of the products (micro scale), to the improvement of the energy mix (meso scale), up to accounting for socio-economic drivers and patterns of consumption affecting the overall appliances stock (macro scale).     

生态足迹、城市化与循环经济--以上海市为例

生态经济学家认为,经济系统是生物圈生态经济系统(环境系统)的一个子系统;环境承载力是人类可安全施加给环境的最大“荷载”量,其关键问题是某一特定数量的人口需要多大面积的生产性土地来支撑．城市是人类消费物质、能源最强烈的节点和全球生态系统压力最大的“生态黑洞”和“熵黑洞”,城市自身无法实现可持续,但城市可持续发展在全球可持续发展中扮演着极其重要的角色．生态足迹概念模型从人类需求占用角度为评估人类对环境系统的承载压力及环境可持续状态提供了较好的测量方法．通过上海城乡居民生活消费生态足迹的计算及变化分析,运用生态足迹分析方法讨论了城市化及生态退化的关系,分析了生态足迹贸易对环境的作用,指出了城市对可持续发展进程的重要地位．当前的城市化必须摒弃过度扩张的发展模式;杜绝奢侈消费,重新考虑现行经济增长政策的隐性成本;开展清洁生产,充分综合利用好现有资源,发展循环经济,降低城市人均生态足迹及对其支撑区域的生态压力,建设生态城市．     

广西农业生态经济系统安全评价与预警研究

开展长时间序列的广西农业生态经济系统安全评价、安全影响因素和安全预警研究,可为系统安全调控、农业可持续发展和乡村振兴提供决策参考。本研究采用生态足迹模型核算2000-2021年广西农业生态经济系统人均生态足迹和人均生态承载力,通过资源利用效率指数、生态盈亏、生态压力指数评价系统安全状况,利用偏最小二乘(PLS)模型分析系统安全的影响因素,基于灰色GM(1,1)模型开展系统安全预警,并将预警结果与云南、贵州进行比较。结果表明,2000-2021年广西农业生态经济系统人均生态足迹增长90.30%,其中林地增长最快,耕地占比最大;人均生态承载力下降0.67%;系统资源利用效率提高72.97%,但2011年以来增幅较小;系统生态赤字从-0.395 hm²/人不断加剧到-1.292 hm²/人,生态压力指数从1.66升高到3.18,系统从中度不安全状态逐渐转变为重度不安全状态,并开始进入极度不安全状态;人均耕地面积和耕垦指数对系统安全具有正向影响;2022-2033年系统安全由重警转为巨警,警情等级高于贵州和云南。因此,要提高耕地保护力度,促进农业转型...     

Environmental impacts of household appliances in Europe and scenarios for their impact reduction

Assessing the environmental impact due to consumption of goods and services is a pivotal step towards achieving the sustainable development goal related to responsible production and consumption (i.e. SDG 12). Household appliances plays a crucial role and should be assessed in a systemic manner, namely considering all life cycle stages, technological efficiency, and affluence aspects. The present study assess the impact of such household appliances used in Europe, and tests scenarios of potential impact reduction at various scales. Life cycle assessment is applied to 14 different household appliances (ranging from dishwashers to television devices) selected to build a set of representative products, based on their economic value and diffusion in households in Europe. Related impacts are calculated with the Environmental Footprint method for calculating a Consumer Footprint “appliances” for the baseline year 2010. A number of scenarios encompassing eco-solutions on a technical level, changes in consumption pattern, behavioral changes, as well as the combination of all these aspects are run to estimate the Consumer Footprint related to household appliances for the year 2030, compared against this baseline scenario. The baseline Consumer Footprint is confirming the importance of the use phase in leading the impacts in almost all impact categories. Testing different scenarios concludes that there is a reduction of the impact for most of the categories (with up to 67% for the ozone depletion potential, and still around 35% for the global warming potential), while two of the here examined impact categories (i.e. land-use and mineral resource depletion) show an overall potential that is even negative – i.e. the results of all scenarios are higher than the ones of the 2010 baseline scenario. The increase in purchase and use of such appliances may offset energy efficiency benefits in some of the examined categories. Hence, the assessment of sustainability of appliances consumption should always include several scales, from the efficiency of the products (micro scale), to the improvement of the energy mix (meso scale), up to accounting for socio-economic drivers and patterns of consumption affecting the overall appliances stock (macro scale).     

基于生态足迹模型的黑龙江省可持续发展研究

随着科技进步和经济的迅猛发展,人类在从大自然获取日益增长的物质财富的同时,也导致出现自然资源过度消耗、生态环境恶化等影响经济社会可持续发展的严重问题。通过对2000-2009年黑龙江省生态足迹需求和生态承载力及生态赤字的动态变化分析,显示黑龙江省生态赤字比较严重,且呈上升趋势,生态经济处于弱不可持续发展状态。     

铁岭市生态足迹时间序列分析

运用生态足迹理论,分析了1995~2004年铁岭市生态足迹和生态承载力.分析表明近十年铁岭市平均生态足迹2.07 hm2/cap,平均生态承载力1.22 hm2/cap,平均赤字0.851 hm2/cap,生态处于不可持续发展状态.在铁岭市生态足迹构成中,能源足迹比例最大,十年来能源足迹占总足迹的比例一直在60%左右,2003年高达63%,最低的年份是1999年,为59%;耕地足迹次于能源足迹,大约在26%~31%之间;接下来依次是建筑用地、牧草地、水域和林地足迹.通过对铁岭市生态足迹强度和生态效率情况的分析,对铁岭市可持续发展提出了对策和建议.