微波促进下芳香醛与环缩酮的反应的研究

用Lewis酸催化芳香醛与环缩酮进行反应，合成得到了7种环烷酮类化合物。与常规条件下的反应进行比较，结果表明在微波辐射下反应速度快，条件温和，不需要溶剂，得到的产品产率达80％。并对合成所得的7种化合物的结构通过IR和^1HNMR谱进行了表征。     

寡糖Lewis A模拟肽对小鼠急性腹膜炎的抑制作用

选择寡糖Lewis A模拟肽作为特异阻断剂, 探讨通过阻断E-选择素与其配体的结合抑制炎症的可能性. 向一组小鼠腹膜内注射酵母聚糖3 h后, 再于静脉注射表达寡糖Lewis A模拟肽IELLQAR的噬菌体或合成肽IELLQAR, 以空噬菌体或BSA作对照, 观察到实验组腹腔冲洗液中的嗜中性粒细胞显著减少. 为证实该结果, 髓过氧化物酶活性被测定, 酶活性的降低同嗜中性粒细胞的减少平行, 表明注射寡糖Lewis A模拟肽可能通过阻断E-选择素与其配体结合, 防止急性炎症的发生.     

“人文主义”还是“人道主义”?——从白璧德新人文主义思想的译介论学术著作中的术语翻译

哲学社会科学术语涉及精神领域概念,是“形式”的形式,译名尤其要注意控制词义的不良延伸。术语翻译的首要原则是“名副其实”。白璧德的新人文主义思想是通过对诸如人文主义/人道主义、低级自我/高级自我、生命冲动/生命控制、人性法则/自然法则等二元对立体的解说,而逐渐阐述成形、区别于其他思想流派的。然而,正是在这些最显豁、最具主题意义的关键术语的翻译上,白璧德著作的中译本出现了实质性的错误。     

The double transfer of thermodynamics: From physics to chemistry and from Europe to America

The aim of this study is twofold: to explore, first, the influence of the intellectual and social conditions on the transfer of thermodynamics to chemistry and thereby the making of chemical thermodynamics, and second, the way that this knowledge was transferred from Europe to America. Consequently, it is of interest to examine the methodological approaches used by physicists and chemists to transfer thermodynamics to chemistry, to evaluate the potential of this science to offer solutions to existing chemical problems, and to discuss the attitude of the scientific community towards these new ideas. The development of chemical thermodynamics in America followed a different route compared to the European experience. Although it was transferred from Europe, it had distinctive characteristics imposed by a different traditional, intellectual and social milieu. This study focuses on the content of the transferred knowledge to America and the direction that this knowledge assumed by the American scientists. As a paradigm, the chemical thermodynamics of Gilbert Newton Lewis will be considered.     

邻炔基苯基环丁酮类化合物的高效合成及其开环-环化反应

以常见易得且稳定的催化剂及膦配体为催化体系, 进一步系统优化钯催化的无铜Sonogashira偶联制备β-(2-乙炔基苯基)环丁酮类化合物的反应体系, 高产率得到一系列含有不同官能团的β-(2-乙炔基苯基)环丁酮类化合物, 并进一步实现铜催化下该类化合物的开环-复分解反应.     

表面活性物质对液液传质的影响Ⅱ．对Lewis槽传质的影响

在Ｌｅｗｉｓ槽中研究了表面活性物质对三种部分互溶液液体系传质速率的影响，并与单液滴传质实验结果进行比较。结果表明，表面活性物质对Ｌｅｗｉｓ糟和单液滴传质速率有类似的影响，对Ｌｅｗｉｓ的影响程度高于单液滴。     

幽门螺旋杆菌感染与血型抗原相关性研究

目的通过观察幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)在各血型患者中的分布情况,分析Hp感染与ABO血型、Lewis血型、分泌-非分泌表型的关系.方法收集幽门螺旋杆菌感染患者100例为感染组,100例健康的无偿献血者为对照组,分析两组患者的ABO血型系统、血型物质、Lewis血型系统的分布差异.结果 ABO血型分布比较:感染组O型血占56%(56/100),高于对照组的31%(31/100),感染组A型血占16%(16/100),低于对照组的33%(33/100).卡方检验结果显示:感染人群中O型血有较高发生率(56%),和普通人群中A型血(33%)之间具有显著性统计学意义(P0.05).ABO血型与幽门螺杆菌感染之间有相关性,O型人有较高感染倾向,而A型血则有较低感染倾向.Lewis表型分布比较:分析整个数据,感染组与对照组的表型分布基本一致,说明Lewis表型分布不受幽门螺杆菌感染的影响,感染组各表型与对照组比较差异无统计学意义.血型物质分布比较:分泌型个体分布在感染组和对照组之间比较差异无统计学意义.结论幽门螺杆菌感染与O型血有较强的关联,但与Lewis血型、分泌-非分泌表型无关.     

Probability without certainty: foundationalism and the Lewis–Reichenbach debate

Like many discussions on the pros and cons of epistemic foundationalism, the debate between C. I. Lewis and H. Reichenbach dealt with three concerns: the existence of basic beliefs, their nature, and the way in which beliefs are related. In this paper we concentrate on the third matter, especially on Lewis’s assertion that a probability relation must depend on something that is certain, and Reichenbach’s claim that certainty is never needed. We note that Lewis’s assertion is prima facie ambiguous, but argue that this ambiguity is only apparent if probability theory is viewed within a modal logic. Although there are empirical situations where Reichenbach is right, and others where Lewis’s reasoning seems to be more appropriate, it will become clear that Reichenbach’s stance is the generic one. We conclude that this constitutes a threat to epistemic foundationalism.     

AlCl3催化苊与硝基苯制备功能高分子中间体

为制备更多新型功能高分子中间体,研究了高活性lewis酸AlCl3催化作用下,苊与硝基苯在温和条件常温常压下的反应．GC／MS分析发现生成了N-苯基氨基苊烯、N-苯基氨基苊、联苊-苊烯和联苊等产物．GC考察了不同反应条件对苊转化率和产物选择性的影响,时间对苊转化率影响不大,N-苯基氨基苊的选择性随着时间增加而增大;随着AlCl3用量的增加,苊转化率和N-苯基氨基苊的选择性随之增加;AlCl3与苊的摩尔比为1．2和2．4时,产物中联苊和N-苯基氨基苊的选择性分别达到77．6％和90．2％．对不同反应条件下的反应产物,通过重结晶获得了多环功能高分子中间体联苊和染料、医药中间体5-（N-苯基）氨基苊两种主产物的纯品,用GC／MS、FT—IR、UV和^1H NMR等分析测试手段鉴定了其结构．     

Ruling engines and diffraction gratings before Rowland: the work of Lewis Rutherfurd and William Rogers

Diffraction gratings are famously associated with Henry Rowland of Johns Hopkins University but there were precursors. Although gratings were first made and used in Europe, reliable machines for ruling gratings were developed in the USA, and two men, Lewis Rutherfurd and William Rogers, tackled the problem before Rowland. Rutherfurd, a wealthy independent astronomer, designed and built the first screw-operated engine for ruling diffraction gratings, the fore-runner of almost all subsequent ruling engines. With it he and his assistant D. C. Chapman ruled many gratings which he generously distributed to practising scientists, thereby materially advancing the science of spectroscopy. Rogers was a Harvard astronomer who developed an interest in the ruling of fine lines on glass that led him to construct a ruling engine with which he investigated the causes of the errors in the rulings he had examined. He continued to seek improvements with a second engine designed for ruling diffraction gratings. He ceased developing this engine when Rowland’s excellent gratings began to be available, concentrating instead on related problems to which he could apply the knowledge and skills he had gained, but his investigations assisted Rowland and other later ruling engine builders. This paper brings together what is known about the ruling engines of Rutherfurd and Rogers, their development, the gratings they produced, their quality and the work that was done with them, and assesses and compares their achievements and the impacts of the work of these two men.