Effects of free sterols on the fluidity of polar lipids in rice dry embryo

Free sterols from rice dry embryo reduce the onset phase transition temperature and widen the transition range of total polar lipids and phosphatidylglycerol, which increases the membrane fluidity below their phase transition temperature and decreases the fluidity of membranes above their phase transition temperature. And 50% of free sterols result in a complete disappearance of phase transition. The fluidity of other main components of polar lipids is decreased by free sterols above 0℃. The results confirm that free sterols can modulate membrane lipid fluidity.     

Effect of monoclonal antibody to bull sperm sp18 on murine fertilization and embryos development

Western blot analysis revealed that one IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to sp18 family membrane proteins (Mr. 14, 16 and 18 ku) of bovine sperm reacted faintly with protein bands of 14, 18, 22, 30 and 60 ku (reducing) in samples of mouse sperm. The mAb also reacted to protein of egg lysozyme. Using a laser confocal microscope, indirect immunofluorescence (IIP) showed that the sp18 antigens were present in the posterior head of murine sperm. In murine in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo development trails, a total of 426 oocytes from C57BL/6 and F1 hybrid strain (CD1 × C57BL/6 cross) of 12 female mice were used in 3 independent trails. After preincubating capacitated sperm with 182 μg/mL of sp18 mAb in the modified TYH IVF medium for 15-20 min, cumulus-oocyte-complexes were introduced. The fertilization rate in sp18 mAb groups was 77.1 %, which was not significantly (P > 0.05) different from the nonspecific mouse IgG (79.2%) and non-IgG (80.3 %) control groups. Fertilized oocytes had been continuously cultured in modifed CZB medium. 100%, 100% and 97.9% of 1-cell embryos developed to 2-cell stage in sp18 mAb, nonspecific mouse IgG and non-IgG group 30 h after the start of fertilization, respectively. In the nonspecific mouse IgG and non-IgG groups, 64.1 % and 64.3% of embryos developed to the 4-cell stage, respectively, but all developing eggs in sp18 mAb groups arrested development in vitro at 2-cell stage. After zonae of 2-cell blocked embryos were enzy-matically removed with 0.5% pronase, detection of sp18 antigens by IIF indicated that the fluorescence scattered on two embryonic cells. For embryos fertilized in vivo and co-cultured with 182 μg/mL sp18 mAb, the numbers of 1-cell embryos reaching the 2-cell and 4-cell stage were 95. 2% and 70. 5%, which were not significantly (P>0.05) different from the control group (92.9% and 77.9%). These results indicate that the sp18 antigens on posterior head of mouse sperm were incorporated into the egg plasma membrane during fertilization, and played an active role in development of murine preimplanta-tion embryo.     

Analysis for the dorsalization potency of the animal blastomeres of the 16 cell stageXenopus embryo

The dorso-ventral axis ofXenopus embryo is established after fertilization. Blastula stage blastomeres acquire different identities as they have inherited different maternal materials which distribute radial symmetrically along the animal vegetal aixs in the full-grown oocyte, and are rearranged by the cortical rotation triggered by fertilization. The vegetal blastmeres demonstrate the different dorsalization potencies in the previous transplantation experiments. The data of blastomere explanting and RT-PCR analyzing indicate that the dorsal ventral bias also exists among the animal blastomeres even during the early blastula stage.     

利用CRISPR-Cas9 构建syncytinA 条件敲除小鼠

摘要: 目的构建syncytinA( 合胞素A) 条件敲除小鼠,为进一步研究syncytinA 在胎盘形成过程中发挥的融合及非融合作用及研究子痫前期病理模型提供基础。方法在用ES 细胞打靶完成syncytinA 外显子上游loxp 同源重组基础上,利用CRISPR-Cas9 得到syncytinA-loxp 小鼠。构建syncytinA-loxp 转基因载体及sgRNA,通过原核显微注射方法将构建好的doner、Cas9 及sgRNA 一并注射到C57 小鼠受精卵中,并移植入同期受孕代孕受体ICR 输卵管中获得子代小鼠。用PCR 方法检测子代鼠尾基因型, loxp 阳性小鼠与WT 交配获得syncytinA-loxp 小鼠。为了检测syncytinA-loxp 能否被敲除,通过与prime1cre 及zp3cre 交配获得syncytinA － / － ,PCR 及q-PCR 检测syncytinA 是否被敲掉。结果经PCR 及q-PCR 方法检测,我们成功得到syncytinA － / － 胚胎。结论syncytinA 条件敲除小鼠构建成功,为更好的研究它在胎盘及子痫前期中的功能提供了基础。     

漫长而艰辛的“试管婴儿”之路——2010年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖成果简介

 “试管婴儿之父”罗伯特·爱德华兹（Robert G. Edwards）获得2010年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖,以表彰他在体外受精（IVF）技术方面的杰出贡献。早在20世纪50年代,爱德华兹便提出通过体外受精治疗人类不育的设想：即从女性卵巢内取出卵子,与精子在细胞培养皿中完成受精,然后再移植回母体子宫内发育。他们经过漫长而艰辛的努力实现了这一目标,1978年世界第一例“试管婴儿”出生。这项技术给全世界大约10%的不育症夫妇带来希望。一门新的医学领域（辅助生殖技术）由此诞生,开启现代医学的新世界。     

The internal structure of Early Cambrian fossil embryo Olivooides revealed in the light of Synchrotron X-ray Tomographic Microscopy

Countless fossil embryo Olivooides and the hatched larvae,juveniles and adults(the latter two kinds are Punctatus) are recovered by means of acid maceration from the fine-crystalline to medium-crystalline phosphatic limestone and phosphatic micrite of Early Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation at the Shizhonggou section,near Kuanchuanpu Village,Ningqiang County,Shaanxi Province,China.Using the technique of Synchrotron X-ray Tomographic Microscopy,the 3D internal structure of Olivooides and Punctatus is reconstructed.The morphological and statistic analyses are also given to the stellae structure of Olivooides and Punctatus,which indicates that this structure is a result of adaptive evolution to a lifestyle of fast-attaching after hatching,probably with the function of mucilage secretion.The internal structure of Punctatus is described and discussed.The ovum-like structure,a common internal feature of Punctatus,is considered as the taphonomic structure,rather than eggs or other biological structure.This structure is thought to be formed after the burial of the animal and before or during the mineralization.The original internal structure of Punctatus is assumed to be tabulae-filled,with soft body grown on them.     

中国的翼龙化石研究的若干进展

近年来在辽西及其周边地区的早白垩世热河生物群中发现了大量的翼龙化石,其中包括带毛的热河翼龙等,为翼龙温血提供了新的证据;具有翼龙胚胎的蛋化石,使翼龙的卵生生殖方式得到确认;最小的树栖翼龙的发现,显示了白垩纪翼龙的个体分异和对环境的适应。同时,此前仅仅在欧洲和南美大陆出现的翼龙化石在这一地区的大量发现和研究,揭示了热河翼龙动物群的多样性和动物古地理分布规律,为深入了解一些重要翼龙类群的起源、演化和辐射提供了翔实的化石材料。     

早熟蟠桃的胚培养

为克服早熟蟠桃品种胚发育不成熟导致的杂种出苗率低的问题,实验采用胚培养技术挽救杂种胚,以美国红蟠作母本,贵妃红、早露蟠和英勒尔作父本,配置杂交组合,果实商品成熟期采集杂种胚,经过60d的低温层积（层积）处理,灭菌后接种在添加不同浓度激素的—玛培养基上进行胚培养。结果表明：配方MS＋2mg/L6-BA＋1mg／L IBA有利于蟠桃杂种胚芽的生长分化;配方MS＋1mg／L 6-BA＋1mg／L IBA有利于蟠桃杂种胚培苗多丛芽诱导增值生长。     

牛体外受精胚胎移植的应用研究

探讨了利用牛ＩＶＦ技术,在国外生产纯种肉牛胚胎运用国内进行大批量移植后受体母牛的妊娠率及产犊情况,共移植受体母牛１５８头,妊娠率（９０ｄ）为２１．４％￣４８．５％,共计产纯种犊牛５５头,５￣８日龄胚移植给发情第７ｄ的母牛能够得到较高的妊娠率（４３．８％￣５０．０％）,受体母牛在前两交伯移植妊娠率（３０．０％￣３５．０％）,明显高于第三次（１５．４％）以后的妊娠高,研究结果证实,在国外生产的的占ＩＶ     

克服昆明小鼠早胚2-细胞阻滞的研究

目的：评价两种培养液对昆明小鼠胚胎２－细胞阻滞的克服效果。方法：用添加１５％ＦＣＳ或ＢＳＡ的Ｍ１６和ＣＺＢ培养液培养昆明小鼠２－细胞胚胎和体外受精卵,以观察这两种培养液对昆明小鼠早胚发育的影响及在克服昆明小鼠２－细胞阻滞中的作用,并通过ＣＺＢ培养液中葡萄糖成份的增减,了解其作用及效应的时间。结果：添加ＦＣＳ的Ｍ１６和ＣＺＢ培养注均能较好地支持２－细胞胚胎发育到囊胚（７８．９％,７２．７％）,当进行