Embodied cognition and linguistic comprehension

Traditionally, the language faculty was supposed to be a device that maps linguistic inputs to semantic or conceptual representations. These representations themselves were supposed to be distinct from the representations manipulated by the hearer’s perceptual and motor systems. Recently this view of language has been challenged by advocates of embodied cognition. Drawing on empirical studies of linguistic comprehension, they have proposed that the language faculty reuses the very representations and processes deployed in perceiving and acting. I review some of the evidence and arguments in favor of the embodied view of language comprehension, and argue that none of it is conclusive. Moreover, the embodied view itself blurs two important distinctions: first, the distinction between linguistic comprehension and its typical consequences; and second, the distinction between representational content and vehicles. Given that these distinctions are well-motivated, we have good reason to reject the embodied view of linguistic understanding.     

Managing Action Research: The PEArL Framework

The difficulty of managing and validating Action Research field studies has been widely discussed. Several different approaches to Action Research have emerged, and one of the most widely used models is Checkland’s FMA model, where a framework is provided to facilitate interested individuals in ‘recovering’ the route of the inquiry. In this paper, I argue that the FMA model is a valuable tool for planning the application of theoretical ideas in a practical situation, but that, as a guide to Action Research, it still fails to provide a sense of the manner in which an inquiry is undertaken. The PEArL mnemonic has been previously offered as a guide to facilitate researchers, participants, and those interested in gaining an appreciation of the manner in which an inquiry is conducted. In this paper, it is argued that applying the PEArL elements does not provide insight into the dynamic nature of collaborative inquiry. In order to gain a sense of the manner in which an inquiry was undertaken it is necessary to apply the PEArL mnemonic alongside a framework that facilitates the flow of the action research cycle. To illustrate the framework, an Action Research field study is described that was undertaken with residents and key workers in a shelter for the homeless, where the aim was to create a shared understanding of complex needs and support requirements.

The Engaged Researcher–From Translator to Literary Change Agent

In this article we reflect upon an integrated approach to action research. The role of the engaged researcher is empirically addressed by using longitudinal field experiences. We take a narrative approach and tell three stories from the field. In analysing the stories we propose a transition of the role of the engaged researcher, from that of a translator of general theory and contextual practices to one of a literary change agent. The literary change agent inspires practitioners by means as concepts, metaphors and storytelling. We suggest that the narrative approach can bring a new and critical flavour to the previously under-explored area of the role of the researcher in action research.

基于并行仿真及动态克隆技术的实时决策分析

采用并行仿真技术可以在不损失模型分辨率的情况下模拟大规模战场上的复杂作战行动,是联合作战模拟和作战方案决策及效果分析的有力工具。在介绍并行仿真基本概念并对比并行仿真与串行、分布式仿真的区别及特点的基础上介绍了仿真克隆的概念及该技术如何应用于描述多分支决策过程。最后,提出了基于高性能计算平台、并行仿真技术、仿真克隆技术和决策分支分析技术来建立战场实时决策分析工具的设计方法,并探讨了其中的主要技术实现方式。     

Systemic Human Relations in Dynamic Equilibrium

This paper reports on a breakthrough in thinking based on 33 years of field practice-based inquiry and previously published studies. It brings together several bodies of established and emerging thought including systems thinking, epistemology, psychology and sociology, in a way of thinking about the living fabric of complex human systems-in-process. It is offered here as a kind of transdisciplinary ‘Rosetta stone’ to those working around the world with one or more of these bodies of thought as a way of making some critical connections between them. In summary, an integrating ‘mental architecture’ is proposed whereby inquiry (research as an evaluative dynamic act of seeking) may be seen as the way by which living (notably human) systems come alive, and which is incorporated, organ-ised, ‘structured’ and relationally embodied in an individual and their psychological mind as personal process, and in social collectivities and their sociological organisation as cultural process.

Systemic Approaches to Managing Across the Gap in the Public Sector: Results of an Action Research Programme

This paper tells the story and conclusions of a 1 year research project which took place over the calendar year of 2006. It was undertaken within a local government authority (or Local Authority—LA) in the UK. The specific research question to be answered was: “Can the application of systems methods in the LA aid Authority staff in developing and enhancing their professional practice?” A supplementary question arising was: “Can such learning be of wider value to other sections of the public sector (for example in other regions of local government or the health sector)?” In the process of the year 91 separate action research interactions took place. The research comes to three systemically linked findings: Firstly, LA middle managers are often caught between two realities ... strategic initiatives and operational demands. In the gap between these two realities they experience change in many guises but most critically in terms of government directives, ICT initiatives and restructuring. Despite this complexity managers did not appear to always have adequate tools to deal with issues arising in their context. Secondly, an assessment matrix developed originally at the Open University is a valuable tool for assessing the systemisism and reflective capacities of staff and, thirdly, a new, blended hybrid training programme to develop systemic reflective practitioners able to manage across the strategy/operations gap was developed and pilot tested in 2007. This programme shows signs of providing enhanced professional practice and, at the time of writing, is being further piloted with a view to establishing its wider applicability within the public sector.     

多芯片组件(MCM)的可测性设计

为克服在线测试技术测试MCM时不能达到满意的故障覆盖率的困难,采用可测性技术对MCM进行设计．根据MCM的特点和测试要求,提出了在JTAG标准基础上扩展指令寄存器,添加专门的用户指令,融合扫描通路法、内建自测试法等可测性方法,分层次地对MCM进行全面测试．建立模型进行验证的结果表明：该方法能有效地测试MCM,缩短了测试时间,故障覆盖率达到95％以上．     

在外源性自由基发生系统作用下AET对豚鼠心室乳头肌动作电位异常的改善作用

采用常规微电极技术记录豚鼠左室乳头肌细胞动作电位(AP)。黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD,0.004 U/ml)与次黄嘌呤(HX,10μmol/L)氧自由基发生系统的作用使AP波形发生异常。静息电位绝对值(RP)从79±4mV下降至66±8mV(P<0.01,n=15)。动作电位振幅(APA)从112±6mV下降至90±11mV(P<0.01)。0相最大除极速度(V_(max))从256±47V/see下降至142±61V/sec(P<0.001)。台氏液中事先加入AET(0/1mmol/L)可显著改善氧自由基导致的AP波形异常:RP=71±8mV,APA=101±9mV,V_(max)=201±87V/sec。给药组与未给药组三项指标间的差别是显著的(P<0.05)。AP波形异常伴随出现自动发放,未给药组10例标本有7例发生,给药组10例中仅1例有自动发放。上述结果提示AET的自由基清除作用使AP异常得到改善,从而降低了自动发放发生率。     

电力线路微机保护试验装置的研制

将微机技术应用于电力系统继电保护,可以提高其动作的快速性、灵敏性、可靠性,维护简单,调试方便,使整个电力系统更加安全、稳定的运行。本文介绍了一种微机线路保护装置。本装置不但可应用于电力系统,而且具有试验、开发的功能。     

基于ADS-B数据的机场场面多目标行为识别

针对机场场面监控视频中存在多个飞机目标,且各种行为轨迹相似,难以通过轨迹进行行为判断的问题,提出了一种基于广播式自动相关监视(automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast, ADS-B)数据的机场场面多目标行为识别。首先,利用ADS-B信息通过透视变换的方法对视频中的所有飞机进行定位;其次,利用历史轨迹预测飞机一定距离之后未来时刻的位置,通过历史以及预测的目标位置划定每一架飞机的运动区域;最后,将多目标行为识别转换为多个单目标行为识别任务。在每一架飞机的运动区域中,通过多时间尺度的融合卷积完成对所有飞机的行为识别。针对性地制作了一个包含飞机各种行为的小型数据集为基于融合卷积的行为识别算法提供训练和测试,同时在多个具有ADS-B数据以及相应标定数据的场面监控视频中进行了验证,实验结果表明本文方法可以满足包含多个目标的机场场面飞机行为识别任务。