Seeking representations of phenomena: Phenomenological models

A distinction is made between theory-driven and phenomenological models. It is argued that phenomenological models are significant means by which theory is applied to phenomena. They act both as sources of knowledge of their target systems and are explanatory of the behaviors of the latter. A version of the shell-model of nuclear structure is analyzed and it is explained why such a model cannot be understood as being subsumed under the theory structure of Quantum Mechanics. Thus its representational capacity does not stem from its close link to theory. It is shown that the shell model yields knowledge about the target and is explanatory of certain behaviors of nuclei. Aspects of the process by which the shell model acquires its representational capacity are analyzed. It is argued that these point to the conclusion that the representational status of the model is a function of its capacity to function as a source of knowledge and its capacity to postulate and explain underlying mechanisms that give rise to the observed behavior of its target.     

Objectivity, abstraction, and the individual: the influence of Søren Kierkegaard on Paul Feyerabend

This paper explores the influence of Søren Kierkegaard upon Paul Feyerabend by examining their common criticisms of totalising accounts of human nature. Both complained that philosophical and scientific theories of human nature which were methodologically committed to objectivity and abstraction failed to capture the richness of human experience. Kierkegaard and Feyerabend argued that philosophy and the science were threatening to become obstacles to human development by imposing abstract theories of human nature and reality which denied the complexities of both. In both cases, this took the form of asserting an ‘existential’ criterion for the assessment of philosophical and scientific theories. Kierkegaard also made remarks upon the inappropriateness of applying natural scientific methods to human beings which Feyerabend later expanded and developed in his criticisms of the inability of the ‘scientific worldview’ to accommodate the values necessary to a flourishing human life. I conclude by noting some differences between Kierkegaard and Feyerabend’s positions and by affirming the value of existential criticisms of scientific knowledge.     

化妆品类花粉有效成分的提取

本文通过花粉的有效成分提取试验和讨论，为有效提取花粉成分和合理配制花粉类化妆品提供了依据。     

以实践为中心的两个科学抽象理论

本文分析最近卡特莱特和瑞德分别提出的两个科学抽象理论。论证两个理论的分歧来自于他们对抽象在认识论和方法论上的不同理解。这种分歧曾经十分清晰地表现在惠威尔和密尔的争论中。对这些问题的探求和解决不仅要求我们抛弃传统科学哲学中的关于抽象的观念,还要求将我们的出发点从理论转向实践。     

中国柞蚕肠道蛋白酶的提取与活力测定

应用丙酮沉淀法以柞蚕肠道组织为材料提取蛋白酶并进行了活力测定．这项成果为柞蚕饲养和代谢的研究提供了重要参与，并为酶在工业上的利用找到了依据．     

Support Operator’s Fault Diagnosis of Complex Plant Systemthrough Multilevel Flow Model and Ecological Interface Design

1 IntroductionModern man-made systems have become more and morecomplex to achieve many automatic and intelligent tasksinstead of be executed by human beings .However ,since theprimaryrole of the systemoperationshould be human beings ,the challenge tothe operating support systemhas beenledtoa paradoxical situation. They should be complex themselvestotake charge of the complex interaction of the systemandsolve such difficult tasks such as fault diagnosis and processcontrol inone hand,and alsothe…     

异构网融合中基于RBIR的物理层抽象算法

为了提高异构网络融合中不同空中接口接入情况下链路性能预测的准确性,提出了基于接收比特互信息率(RBIR)的物理层抽象算法.物理层抽象算法通过压缩函数把一组不同的信干噪比(SINR)序列映射成单一的SINR值,通过该SINR值查表得到真实的误块率(BLER)值.利用拟合函数表示不同条件下的参考曲线表,简化了系统设计的复杂度.从信息论的角度对接收比特互信息率RBIR算法进行理论推导,证明了接收比特互信息率RBIR与误块率BLER具有一一对应的关系.通过对CDMA EVDO网络和无线局域网(WLAN)进行仿真,结果表明,该算法能够较好地描述这2种网络中不同调制编码方式、信道状况和误块率之间的关系,拟合函数曲线与实际仿真结果吻合较好,能够准确预知不同网络的链路性能.     

菠菜叶绿素的提取和稳定性研究

从菠菜中提出一种天然植物色素．它色泽鲜艳，稳定性好，是一种很好的食用色素．     

鉴印系统中印章的提取与修复

在鉴印系统中,正确识别票据印章的前提是要求所提取的印章质量高、干扰小.由于票据背景的复杂性、油墨的不均匀性、位置的不确定性以及采集带来的噪声等因素,使得印章的提取与修复面临较大困难.分析了RGB和HSI彩色空间模型的优缺点,构建了一种新的印章提取模型,并提出了一种新的填充算法.实验表明,该印章提取模型能够在保证印章提取质量的同时将干扰降到最小,该填充算法能够在保证印章质量的同时避免笔画交接处的过填充,满足进一步识别的需要.