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Gap junctions (GJs) are composed of proteins that form a channel connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. Connexins were
initially considered to be the only proteins capable of GJ formation. Another family of GJ proteins (innexins) were first
found in invertebrates and were proposed to be renamed pannexins after their orthologs were discovered in vertebrates. The
lack of both connexins and pannexins in the genomes of some metazoans suggests that other, still undiscovered GJ proteins
exist. In vertebrates, connexins and pannexins co-exist. Here we discuss whether vertebrate pannexins have a nonredundant
role in animal physiology. Pannexin channels appear to be suited for ATP and calcium signaling and play a role in the maintenance
of calcium homeostasis by mechanisms implicating both GJ and nonjunctional function. Suggested roles in the ischemic death
of neurons, schizophrenia, inflammation and tumor suppression have drawn much attention to exploring the molecular properties
and cellular functions of pannexins.
Received 22 April 2007; received after revision 9 September 2007; accepted 19 September 2007 相似文献
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The vertebrate connexin family 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Connexins are chordate-specific transmembrane proteins that can form gap junctional channels between adjacent cells. With
the progress in vertebrate genome sequencing, it is now possible to reconstruct the main lines in the evolution of the connexin
family from fishes to mammals. Four connexin groups are only found in fishes. Otherwise, the differences between fishes and
mammals can be explained by two gene losses (Cx39.9 and Cx43.4) after the divergence of the Reptilia, and three gene duplications
(the generation of Cx26 and 30 from a preCx26/30 sequence, Cx30.3 and 31.1 from a preCx30.3/ 31.1 sequence, and Cx31.3 from
an uncertain origin). Orthologs of most connexins can be found throughout the vertebrates from fishes to mammals. As judged
from the recently defined connexins in tunicates, the original connexin might be related to the ortholog groups of Cx36, 39.2,
43.4, 45 or 47.
Received 1 December 2005; received after revision 8 January 2005; accepted 31 January 2006 相似文献
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