The behavior of the homozygous and heterozygous sub-types of rats which are genetically-selected for diabetes insipidus: A comparison with Long Evans and Wistar stocks

Several aspects of spontaneous and conditioned behavior (food and water intake, locomotion and emotionality, passive and active avoidance acquisition and retention) of standard (albino and pigmented) rats, and rats heterozygous (HEDI) and homozygous (HODI) for diabetes insipidus, are reviewed. As would be expected, HODI rats have been repeatedly found to consume far more fluid than either HEDI or control rats. Pigmented rats appear to be more active than albinos. HODI rats exhibit less marked emotional responses than do control rats, among which the pigmented ones exhibit the highest emotionality. Light aversion is more evident in albino than in pigmented rats. No differences are found among HEDI, HODI and normal Long Evans rats. It is quite difficult to provide a clear-cut statement concerning inter-strain differences in passive avoidance behavior, possibly because of the variety of techniques employed. In any case, HODI rats do not perform worse than normal controls do. In one-way active avoidance paradigms, pigmented rats perform better than albinos, and the performance of HODI rats does not differ from that of controls. In two-way avoidance paradigms, albinos appear to outperform pigmented rats. Once again, there are no obvious differences between HODI and control animals.In addition to indicating that HODI rats may actually be less emotional than the other groups of rats reviewed here, the studies described once again fail to confirm the previously alleged functions of vasopressin in memory consolidation.     

鹰嘴豆对小鼠血糖及血脂的影响

本文以新疆地产的鹰嘴豆（Cicer arietinum）为受试样品，用高血糖模型小鼠研究鹰嘴豆调节血糖和血脂的作用．选取27只健康小鼠并随机分为三组；对照组，鹰嘴豆低剂量组（10g／kg／d），鹰嘴豆高剂量组（20g／kg／d），将鹰嘴豆粉与普通饲料混合，喂养12天后，测定其空腹血糖、血清胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）含量，并对所得数据进行统计学处理，以此来作为对鹰嘴豆调节血糖血脂的功能评价。结果表明：鹰嘴豆对高血糖小鼠具有很好的降糖和降血脂作用，对预防糖尿病及其并发症具有积极意义。     

视网膜振荡电位异常改变的临床分析

目的 对多种眼科疾病进行视网膜振荡电位(Ops)的检测及分析，探讨了视网膜振荡电位在眼科多种疾病的诊断及评估方面的临床意义。方法对261例412只眼进行Ops检测，对Ops的检测结果进行分析。结果发现糖尿病及糖尿病性视网膜病变、视网膜中央及分支静脉阻塞、高度近视及高度近视性视网膜病变、视网膜色素变性等均有不同程度的Ops总幅值改变。同时发现，老年性黄斑变性、老年性白内障、弱视、中心性浆液性视网膜脉络膜病变及轻、中度近视者，则Ops总幅值无明显改变。结论视网膜Ops的检测是临床眼科诊断及评估的有力手段。     

藏医对糖尿病的认识与治疗

藏医认为糖尿病是因水土之性的“培根”与脂肪过盛，未能化为人体所需之精华而被混入尿液，并通过尿液排出体外造成的．治疗此病的根本在于综合饮食、起居、药物、外治等藏医4种疗法进行降培根与脂肪。调理胃、肝、肾、膀胱等脏器的功能，使体内的精华与糟粕各行其道，各尽所职，正常运行才能从根本上解决问题，这也是治疗本病的基本原则．在临床中病人服用调理有关脏腑功能，使糖份充分吸收利用的药物如：赛知当耐()、索谢尼吉()、控制尿频的药物、云巴西汤()、金尼阿日骄吉()，调理气血的药物阿嘎骄俄()，等等．     

糖尿病血瘀证与内皮素和心钠素的关系研究

目的 :探讨内皮素 (ET)、心钠素 (ANP)与糖尿病 (DM)血瘀证的关系。方法 :检测 44例 DM血瘀证患者和 2 0例正常对照组的 ET和 ANP含量。结果 :血瘀证组 ET、ANP含量明显高于正常对照组。结论 :ET、ANP共同参与了 DM血瘀证的病理过程     

2型糖尿病伴随高脂血症大鼠模型的建立及二甲双胍的干预

目的研究5%蔗糖饮水和高脂饮食加链脲佐菌素诱导2型糖尿病伴随高脂血症大鼠模型的建立及二甲双胍的治疗作用。方法SD大鼠一次性腹腔注射30 mg/kg链脲佐菌素,给予高脂饮食和5%蔗糖水喂养68 d后进行糖耐量实验,采血检测空腹血糖、血脂、胰岛素、抗氧化水平。结果与对照组比较,模型大鼠空腹血糖、糖耐量试验2 h后血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血清胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗指数显著升高(P<0.05),胰岛素敏感指数显著降低(P<0.05),TG、TC和FFA含量明显升高(P<0.05),SOD活力明显降低(P<0.05),MDA含量显著增加(P<0.05);二甲双胍组胆固醇、游离脂肪酸、空腹血糖、糖耐量异常、糖化血红蛋白、血清胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗指数、MDA显著降低(P<0.05),胰岛素敏感指数和SOD活力显著提高(P<0.05)。结论5%蔗糖饮水能改善大鼠的厌食症状,加上链脲佐菌素的小剂量注射和高脂饮食,可成功复制2型糖尿病大鼠模型,伴随高脂血症和抗氧化损伤。二甲双胍具有降糖、降脂、抗氧化、改善胰岛素抵抗作用,可作为2型糖尿病伴随高脂血症大鼠模型研究的阳性治疗药物。     

Vanadyl ions binding to GroEL （HSP60） and inducing its depolymerization

Several vanadium compounds have been known for the hypoglycemic and anticancer effects. However, the mechanisms of the pharmacological and toxicological effects were not clear. In this work, we in- vestigated the potential targets of vanadium in mitochondria. Vanadyl ions were found to bind to mi- tochondria from rat liver with a stoichiometry of 244±58 nmol/mg protein and an apparent dissocia- tion constant (Kd) of (2.0±0.8)×10·16 mol/L. Using size exclusion chromatography, a vanadium-binding protein was isolated and identified to be the 60-kDa heat shock protein (HSP60) by mass spectrometry analysis and immunoassays. Additionally, binding of vanadyl ions was found to result in depolymeri- zation of homo-oligomeric HSP60 (GroEL). HSP60 is an indispensable molecular chaperone and in- volved in many kinds of pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, e.g. type 1 diabetes. Our results suggested that HSP60 could be a novel important target involved in the biological and/or toxicological effects of vanadium compounds.     

胰升血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂高通量筛选细胞模型研究

为建立GLP-1受体激动剂的高通量筛选方法,将GLP-1受体质粒和报告基因质粒(3×CRE/3×MRE/SRE-LUC/pGL3)按照1∶5的比例共转染到CHO细胞中,建立GLP-1受体激动剂筛选细胞株。利用GLP-1内源激动剂探索和优化每孔细胞接种密度、荧光素酶表达时间、Bright-GloTM试剂用量、DMSO浓度等筛选条件,建立可靠的筛选方法。当细胞数目为4×104个/孔,激动剂孵育时间为8 h,Bright-GloTM试剂4倍稀释,每孔DMSO终质量分数小于1%时,系统Z′-因子为0.75。利用此模型对中药提取物库进行检测,发现有5个样品显示出活性。结果表明,该模型能够用于GLP-1受体激动剂的高通量筛选。     

L-阿拉伯糖对2型糖尿病大鼠肝损伤的干预作用

采用饲喂高糖高脂饲料结合注射小剂量链脲佐菌素（streptozotocin,STZ）的方法制作2型糖尿病大鼠的模型,灌胃L-阿拉伯糖4周后,通过测定实验大鼠肝质量、肝脏指数、空腹血糖（fasting blood glucose,FBG）水平、血清中丙氨酸转氨酶（alanine transaminase,ALT）和天冬氨酸转氨酶（aspartate transaminase,AST）的活力,观察L-阿拉伯糖对2型糖尿病大鼠肝脏损伤的干预效果．结果表明：L-阿拉伯糖可明显改善糖尿病大鼠的空腹血糖（FBG）,显著降低血清中丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）的活力,且降低程度与灌胃剂量具有正相关性;说明L-阿拉伯糖可以减轻糖尿病大鼠肝脏组织的损伤,具有一定的护肝作用．     

运动疗法依从性对2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白的影响

目的运动疗法依从性对2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白的影响。方法2型糖尿病患者60例．出院后接受每月一次的电话回访。连续6个月，全部病人首次发病，进行运动疗法相关知识教育，每3个月查糖化血红蛋白。结果运动疗法依从性达标的患者糖化血红蛋白控制明显优于不能达标的患者（P〈0．05）。结论有效的运动可提高胰岛素敏感性。减轻胰岛素抵抗，对糖化血红蛋白有明显的控制作用。