Modeling for UAV resource scheduling under mission synchronization

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) resource scheduling means to allocate and aggregate the available UAV resources depending on the mission requirements and the battlefield situation assessment. In previous studies, the models cannot reflect the mission synchronization; the targets are treated respectively,which results in the large scale of the problem and high computational complexity. To overcome these disadvantages, a model for UAV resource scheduling under mission synchronization is proposed, which is based on single-objective non-linear integer programming. And several cooperative teams are aggregated for the target clusters from the available resources. The evaluation indices of weapon allocation are referenced in establishing the objective function and the constraints for the issue. The scales of the target clusters are considered as the constraints for the scales of the cooperative teams to make them match in scale. The functions of the intersection between the "mission time-window" and the UAV "arrival time-window" are introduced into the objective function and the constraints in order to describe the mission synchronization effectively. The results demonstrate that the proposed expanded model can meet the requirement of mission synchronization, guide the aggregation of cooperative teams for the target clusters and control the scale of the problem effectively.     

基于两次Kalman滤波的观测噪声自适应调整算法

在实际的目标跟踪过程中,由于目标远近等各种客观因素的影响,观测噪声是随时变化的.但是在标准卡尔曼滤波中,如果将观测噪声协方差设为恒定值,必然造成跟踪结果不理想.针对这种情况,通过在任意时刻施行两次卡尔曼滤波的结果来自适应地调整观测噪声协方差,使卡尔曼滤波算法中的观测噪声协方差与实际值更加接近,从而提高对目标的跟踪精度.最后Monte Carlo仿真实验证明了本算法的有效性.     

高斯杂波中距离扩展目标的模糊CFAR检测

为提高高分辨雷达的检测性能,提出了一种高斯杂波背景下距离扩展目标的模糊检测方法。该方法采用模糊恒虚警率(constant false alarm rate, CFAR)检测器代替传统的二进制CFAR检测器,将距离单元值转换成映射到虚警空间的模糊隶属函数值,然后采用模糊积累准则进行积累,得到检测统计量。研究了模糊代数积、模糊代数和两种积累准则,推导出这两种方法虚警概率的数学解析式。仿真结果表明,高斯杂波背景下模糊代数积积累较双门限二进制积累可获得近2 dB的性能改善。同时,模糊检测方法只采用单个检测门限,具有易于调节的优点。     

基于InSAR构型的地面运动目标检测与测速方法

提出了一种基于干涉合成孔径雷达构型的地面运动目标检测及测速定位新方法。该方法在高程相位和动目标相位耦合的情况下,充分利用相应像素对及其相邻像素对的相干信息进行高度补偿从而进行动目标参数估计。针对干涉合成孔径雷达（interferometric synthetic aperture radar, InSAR）系统中由于长垂直基线导致杂波自由度随地形起伏大大增加等杂波抑制问题,在处理过程中引入了联合像素法,进一步提高了动目标检测和测速精度。通过仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

一种改进的不敏粒子滤波算法

提出了一种改进的不敏粒子滤波（UPF,Unscented Particle Filter）算法。和传统的UPF相比,该算法有两点改进,首先,在形成＂粒子云＂时,直接采用当前时刻各粒子的UKF（Unscented Kalman Filter）估计作为粒子,在保证粒子有效性的同时,减少了UKF之后的重采样过程;然后,结合新的粒子产生办法,重新定义了权值计算方法,避免了对各粒子重要概率的复杂计算。仿真表明,改进算法在减少计算量的同时,有效地提高了跟踪稳定性和跟踪精度。

Abstract：

An improved Unscented Particle Filter （UPF） algorithm was proposed.Compared with traditional UPF,it has been improved at two points.First,when producing particle cloudy,it directly uses the current particle estimation of Unscented Kalman Filter （UKF） as new particle,which guarantees the validity of particles and eliminates the re-sampling process after UKF as well;then,according to the new particle-producing method,a weight-calculating formula is re-defined,so as to avoid the complicated computation of proposal probability of every particle.A simulation shows that the Improved UPF （I-UPF） can effectively enhance the tracking stability and tracking precision and reduce computational cost at the same time.     

基于联合时频特征和HMM的多方位SAR目标识别

研究了联合时频特征和隐马尔科夫模型(hidden Markov model, HMM)的多方位合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar, SAR)目标识别方法。利用HMM模型可以有效地对多方位SAR目标特征分析及识别。在HMM多方位SAR目标识别中的关键之一是SAR目标回波高分辨率距离像(high resolution range profile, HRRP)的特征提取。提出了一种时变频因子加权Fisher鉴别的特征提取方法。利用MSTAR实测SAR目标数据集进行了特征提取和识别实验,实验结果验证了方法的有效性。     

基于强“奖优罚劣”算子的多指标灰靶决策模型

对多指标灰靶决策模型进行了研究。提出了对三种类型指标进行标准化处理的强“奖优罚劣”算子,相较于原有的线性的“奖优罚劣”算子,这种非线性算子进一步加大标准化后同指标各方案的数据的区分度,从而可以提高决策质量。以各方案靶心距平方和最小为目标建立了优化模型,并使用拉格朗日函数求解来得到各指标权重,并以此为基础构建了灰靶决策模型。最后,以实例说明了基于强“奖优罚劣”算子灰靶决策模型的合理性及算法的有效性。     

星载双站SAR运动目标加速度检测和估计

星载合成孔径雷达（synthetic aperture radar, SAR)用于动目标检测和参数估计时,忽略动目标加速度的影响将会导致沿航迹速度估计的较大误差。给出了星载双站合成孔径雷达检测和估计地面运动目标加速度的算法,该算法主要利用运动目标相对于工作在Tandem模式下的星载双站SAR具有不同相对径向速度的原理,利用三孔径星载SAR估计径向速度的算法,估计出相对于星载双站SAR的不同径向速度。根据这两个径向速度和SAR视角之间的关系,计算出动目标运动方向和常数项切向速度,最后根据估计的调频斜率计算出切向加速度和径向加速度。仿真结果表明,该算法能正确地估计出具有加速度的动目标速度参数。     

基于改进高斯粒子滤波器的目标跟踪算法

针对现有机动目标跟踪中粒子滤波算法的不足,提出了一种改进的粒子滤波方法。该方法在高斯粒子滤波的基础上通过利用当前时刻量测值对量测误差的分布参数进行实时的统计和更新,并以此得到粒子的权值,从而考虑到了量测值对估计值的影响,该方法适合于量测误差分布为高斯白噪声且状态量与量测误差相关条件下的非线性估计。仿真结果表明,与传统的自举粒子滤波(boot trap particle filter, BPF)、高斯粒子滤波（Gaussian particle filter, GPF)以及无迹粒子滤波（unscented particle filter, UPF)相比,该方法具有较高的精度和较少的计算量。     

Design and comparison of minimal symmetric model-subset for maneuvering target tracking

Model-set is utilized in state estimation for maneuvering target tracking.Two minimal symmetric model-subsets are designed and investigated by moment matching method,which include hypersphere-symmetric model-subset and axis-symmetric model-subset,if system mode is a random variable and obeys certain probability distribution.They can be used as the fundamental model-subset for multiple models estimation with fixed structure,variable structure and moving bank.The model-groups constructed by above designed subsets are given,which give the practical guidance for use of model-set in multiple models approach with a variable structure.Simulation results show that the performances of two minimal model-set significantly outperform the corresponding model-sets with fixed spacing.