公理·规则·公德——儒家私德与墨家公德之伦理辨析

通过对孔孟儒家私德伦理与墨子墨家公德伦理的比较研究,发现科学理性之缺失是儒家私德伦理陷入现代困境及其深层悖论的根源;而墨家科学理性的优势,在其兼相爱和交相利公德伦理体系建构中,起到了价值观和方法论的奠基作用。并指出:规则是社会公德的核心,遵循和崇尚规则以及公平竞争和合作,既是一种科学精神,又是一种公德精神,在当今中国社会发展和公德建设中亟待振兴。     

关于构建和谐社会若干问题的思考

构建社会主义和谐社会是新一届领导集体提出的重要战略思想,这具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。本文采用社会学方法,对构建和谐社会应注意的五个基本问题展开论证。对构建社会主义和谐社会提出了自己的一些看法。     

Nest architecture in polydomous grass-cutting ants (Acromyrmex balzani)

Acromyrmex balzani is a grass-cutting ant species frequently found in Cerrado areas. However, little is known about the architecture of the polydomous nests of this ant. Fifteen A. balzani nests located in a cerrado region in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, were studied. The polydomous nests were studied in three ways. First, we investigated the architecture in nests moulded with cement and without moulding. Second, we performed an aggressiveness test among workers in different subnests and nests. Third, we excavated the nest and collected the colony to measure the population, verifying the existence or not of a queen in all nests. A cement mould was made of seven nests to permit better visualization of internal structures such as chambers and tunnels. Eight nests were excavated without moulding and white neutral talc was used to highlight the parts of the nests. After excavation, the depth and dimensions (length, width and height) of the chambers were measured. The results showed that the nests had a single entrance hole whose structure consisted of straw and other plant residues in winter. Mounds of loose soil, if present, were found 6–48 cm from the hole. The number of chambers containing fungus ranged from one to five, with the first being found a few centimetres beneath the ground surface (4 cm) and the last up to a maximum depth of 160 cm. The length of the tunnels ranged from 12 to 28 cm. These tunnels were built in a vertical or inclined position, leading to the chambers. No waste chambers were found, with the waste being deposited externally. Additionally, the polydomous nests contained one to eight subnests. In the aggressiveness test, when concolonial workers were confronted, no aggressiveness was observed. In contrast, when allocolonial workers were confronted, there was a high incidence of aggression among them. Excavation of polydomous nests showed only one queen for each polydomous nest, i.e. subnests with a single queen. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the so far unknown nest architecture of the polydomous grass-cutting ant A. balzani.     

阿罗不可能性定理和社会选择的无矛盾性问题

2017年2月21日,国际著名数理经济学家、1972年度诺贝尔(Nobel)经济学奖获得者阿罗(K.J.Arrow)于美国辞世。谨作此文,以纪念他在社会选择理论,特别是其中将有关数学应用于研究经济学领域发现的"阿罗不可能性定理"作出的重大贡献。     

关注构建和谐社会中的新生代民工

新生代民工目前面临许多困惑和彷徨,妥善解决新生代民工的问题成为构建和谐社会的重要一环。从制度安排、政府职能、更新观念、建立正式组织等方面提出了解决新生代民工问题,构建和谐社会的措施。     

模糊偏好下社会选择问题的研究

本文研究和探讨了社会选择中的模糊偏好，在一组模糊理性条件下证明了一个不可能性定理，并将其中的独裁者区分为一般、α－和完全三种，分析了这些独裁者与偏好传递性间的关系，在一特殊传递性下还找到了一个存在α－独裁者或完全独裁者的模糊集结规则．最后，给出了一个应用例子     

残差修正步进模型在社保卡数字照片处理中的应用

针对社保卡安全性问题,提出了将残差修正步进模型(GSMEM)运用于社保卡数字照片处理.为了适应社保卡应用的要求,压缩数字照片既要减少其占用的内存,又要保证算法具备较快的运算速度,以提高社保卡图像边缘的视觉效果.实验结果表明,该方法具有较高的实用性.     

武汉市"十一五"规划战略环境评价实践

以武汉市"十一五"规划战略环境评价为例,探讨了我国城市国民经济和社会发展规划战略环境评价的技术路线、指标体系与评价方法.研究表明,对城市空间布局、产业布局、产业结构以及城市交通的环境适宜性进行综合评价是这类规划战略环境评价的重要特征;互动式的评价模式能使环境因素及时、有效地纳入到决策过程中;指标体系是预测评价的基础,指标的选择除考虑科学性、代表性外还应强调可获得性、可量化性及可考核性.     

浅析技术实践社会评价观的演进

在人类社会发展过程中,人们对技术实践的社会评价观经历了从漠视技术论到技术乐观主义,从技术自主论到技术悲观主义,从适当技术论到生态技术主义的发展过程.由此所衍生的技术决定论、专家治国论、技术恐惧及反技术主义都曾对社会的技术选择产生过影响.技术生态主义是在可持续发展观指导下适合当代技术发展的正确的技术实践社会评价观.     

中国消防技术发展动力探究

将中国消防技术作为一个系统,简要分析制约中国消防技术发展的因素以及消防技术发展的机制.分析了当前中国消防技术发展的动力问题,并给出了相应的对策探讨.中国消防技术发展应该借助政治、经济和文化力量的合力,从不同的方面,以多样化方式影响或引导消防技术的发展.从而为制定消防技术发展战略,实现战略目标所采取的具体战略、相关政策和措施提供理论支持.