《法国中尉的女人》中作者对维多利亚时代的批判

在小说《法国中尉的女人》中,作者福尔斯借助小说主人公的视角,展开对维多利亚时代的批判,这些批判主要集中在维多利亚时代的道德虚伪、普遍存在的实用主义和资本主义对人的异化方面。这些批判是以当代充满忧患意识的知识分子的眼光对号称英帝国鼎盛时代的维多利亚时代的审视与批判,同样也是对当今时代的审视与批判。     

Pragmatism and the Practical Relevance of Truth

In this article, I argue that pragmatism has something to gain from returning once more to the question of truth, and acknowledging the truth of the existence of Being and its elements. The practical relevance of this insight is shown by my proposition for a practical hermeneutic social scientific method which logically follows from the truth of Being. The method is compatible with the inevitability of subjective judgments in any kind of scientific research, as well as with many pragmatist insights. It is my hope that pragmatists will be willing to follow their own adagium and conceive of this confrontation with difference as an opportunity to re-assess their views.     

论《四库全书总目》文学批评的经世价值取向

明末清初 ,宋明理学已经发展到极端 ,于是清初文人倡导儒家传统的经世致用思想以救理学空疏浮泛之弊 ,经世思想成为一时社会思潮的主流。《四库全书总目》的文学批评无论是功用价值论、创作主客体论还是艺术风格论都由此而带上浓郁的经世色彩     

罗伯特·弗罗斯特诗歌中的进化思想

弗罗斯特并不盲目相信进化观,他在诗歌创作中对于进化观的思考,主要体现在日常生活、科学与宗教、自然世界与人类世界等主题的作品中。于弗罗斯特而言,由于有了对世界的科学认知,外在世界变得有规律可循,科学与日常生活是融合为一体的。他认为科技的发展未必总能真正提升人对于世界的理解,时间的变迁也不总是意味着由低等向高等的进步;人不应对抗自然,而应坦然接受自然法则,适应环境,顺势而为,并不断取得进步;对待宗教化的题材,他采取实用主义的态度,理性地审视观照对象,并以去神圣化的手法加以表现。弗罗斯特对于诗歌主题及表现方式的选择,亦是进化思想在英美文学传统中的体现。     

A Philosophy for the Social Sciences: Realism, Pragmatism, or neither?

Philosophers of science seek to discover theessential features of science. Having donethis, these features are then proffered as a`benchmark' against which any putative sciencecan be assessed for its scientificity. Socialscientists, in particular, are much concernedwith achieving the status of genuine science.When considering the status of the socialsciences, philosophers of science also seek todiscern the essential, and differentiating,characteristics of the object of study, namely,social phenomena as such. This paper provides acritical examination of two apparentlydiametrically opposed approaches to philosophyof science, namely, realism and pragmatism. Thestance of `immanent critique' is adopted. Thisstance seeks to evaluate the success of aphilosophical programme entirely by thestandards that are internal to that programme.The conclusion reached, from this point ofview, is that realism is unrealistic, andpragmatism lacks practical utility.     

Pragmatism, Realism and the Economist/Economy Divide

A centipede can walk until it thinks about howit does so. Thereafter it stumbles, over thesheer impossibility of the information andcoordination required. Life in the economy islittle different. Those engaged in productionand exchange discover, pragmatically, ways tomake them work. Those observing the processsee, realistically, the immense improbabilitythat it should do so. That most economies workin practice, but must pass such toughteleological tests to succeed in theory,highlights a difference between players' andspectators' outlook which may help to explainwhy the game has repeatedly been thrown wideopen just when conclusive results seemed withinreach.Section 1 of this paper identifies the fourforms of realism which economists have tendedto adopt. Section 2 considers the pragmatism ofeconomic agents, when observed in action bypsychologists and management scholars notoverly steeped in economic theory. Theconcluding section reviews the ways in whicheconomists have tried to blur the distinction,by reclassifying agents as realistic or theirown views as pragmatic, and suggests that amore pragmatic economics might bridge thedivide.     

世俗社会环境中的宗教反弹--关于科学与宗教问题的一种实用主义哲学分析

宗教、科学理性和世俗化趋势之间具有动态的、多样性的联系.世俗化的出现并非单纯地"击溃"了宗教,而是招致了宗教在多样性文化情境内以各种方式复活.宗教对于人的本性和人类社会是更为基本的活动,它有非常强的适应性和适度灵活性.实用主义探究理论既塑造作为探究样式的科学,又架构作为探究类型的宗教理论之翼.在允许宽泛地适用于具体探究的各种方法分歧的同时,它也以相同的方式建构科学和神学的理性.     

The Pragmatics of Educational Systems Design: A Critical Examination

The author critically examines educational systems design (ESD) through the lens of pragmatism. Examining ESD through a lens of pragmatism draws to the foreground issues related to Banathy's (1991, 1996, 2001) idealized systems design for social and societal systems. The author addresses the complex and dynamic nature of systems design, focusing on the systemic processes in which user-designers are continually challenged to inquire, communicate, and consider choices, and make design decisions concerning the nature of the system being designed. The power of social systems design (SSD) lies in the ability to consider the ideal image of a social and/or societal system, critically and pragmatically in relation to creating a new system that will contribute to the evolutionary betterment of society and a sustainable future for humankind. Following an introduction, the author examines pragmatism. Then the author applies a lens of pragmatism, critically, to examine educational systems design in relation to generating change and creating the ideal educational system. The author then argues the pragmatics of educational systems design, concluding the paper with final reflections on ESD as a process.     

Conclusion: New Directions Through Extending Deliberative Democracy to Enhance Representation and Accountability

Two way, systemic dialogue enables new ideas to emerge. Rorty (1989) in ‘Contingency, irony and solidarity’ argues that we need to ask questions that acknowledge solidarity with other human beings who suffer. He asks us to consider the consequences for humanity by widening our sense of solidarity or links with others. Considering their pain should be our starting point for drawing ever widening circles of solidarity. The issue is not idealism versus pragmatism as Rorty argues; it is about widening our understanding of the consequences of our thinking and our practice. We need to understand that the environment of which we are part has been shaped by our social, cultural, political and economic decisions and that it will in turn shape our thinking and practice. This is the principle of co-determination that has been developed by systems thinkers such as Maturana and Varela and understood by recent thinkers such as Tim Flannery (2007) and Ulrich Beck (1992, 1997).

体育功能：审视与厘清体育基本问题的必然路径选择

体育的基本问题是体育学术界“孜孜”不倦地进行着多维度、多学科、多层面的研究与探讨的目标,然而还没有达成统一性研究思路或路径。结合体育在社会演进中的功能变迁,阐述体育在社会历史中的地位和作用则是全面认识体育的基本问题,更是推动体育与社会形成联动机制已达成“双赢”的局面的切入点。依据社会发展中政治军事、经济、文化角度阐述体育的功能,以此明晰体育在社会发展中的“脉络”。体育功能的表现特征总是与一定的社会政治军事、经济有着紧密联系。在我国社会发展转型期中研究与探索体育功能的问题,对构建和谐社会具有重要现实和理论上的启示。