猪皮胶制备中的酶解工艺研究

以单因素分析为基础,结合正交试验,水解度和感官评分为指标,研究木瓜蛋白酶酶法制备猪皮胶的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:在料液比3:1、pH值6.0、加酶量2.5%、酶解温度50℃、酶解时间2.5 h的条件下酶解猪皮,效果最佳,且制成品品质优良。     

克鲁维酵母Y—85菊粉酶的固定化

以四种不同的凝胶包埋方法进行部分纯化的菊粉酶固定化,结果表明开孔明胶法制得固定化酶的活性产率最高（４６．４％）;酶解菊粉底物的最适温度（５８℃）比游离酶高８℃,在６０℃温度下酶活性保持稳定;固定化酶具有良好的凝胶强度和酶解菊粉重复操作的稳定性．本法制得固定化酶凝胶颗粒表面具有众多微孔,能提高酶的活性产率,它为开展菊粉酶固定化工作提供一种有效的方法．     

红光下染料敏化重铬酸盐明胶形成的全息图

重铬酸盐明胶(DCG)是一种重要的全息记录材料,它有高的衍射率和低的噪声,其衍射率之高几乎可接近理论值。它的主要缺点是光敏性差,对波长大于540nm的尤基本上不感光,加入一些染料可使其感光区扩大到红光(633nm)。本文讨论了用亚甲基兰敏化重铬酸盐明胶扩大到红光区的方法,用He—Ne激光得到衍射率为80%的全息图。     

影响明胶膜性能的因素研究

用简单的手涂方法制备了明胶膜,研究了明胶溶液的浓度、pH值、增塑剂甘油的用量以及添加剂乙醇的用量对明胶膜抗拉强度的影响.研究结果表明:(1)明胶溶液浓度增加,膜的抗拉强度逐渐增大;(2)成膜液的pH值在7.0左右时,膜的抗拉强度最大;(3)随着增塑剂甘油含量的增加,膜干燥所需时间增长且抗拉强度降低;(4)乙醇用量为10%时,膜的抗拉强度最大;(5)明胶膜在不同pH值的缓冲溶液中,溶胀性能不同。     

明胶/丝素共混多孔膜的制备

采用冷冻干燥法制备明胶与家蚕丝素的共混多孔蛋白膜，探讨了交联剂用量，共混比例及冷冻温度对膜结构和性能的影响，指出戊二醛对共混多膜具有明显的交联作用，膜内丝素与明胶的相容性较好，蛋白质的结构以无定形为主，通过与明胶共混，能够改善多孔丝素膜的拉伸性能。     

明胶胶凝过程中的流变力学性质研究

本文研究了明胶胶凝过程中的流变力学性质,发现粘滞系数η与切速 r 有幂律关系;在胶凝发展过程中,指数 n 从0逐渐变化到胶凝点 x=-1/2.还发现η按∈~(-k)发散,在 f=0.005Hz 条件下,实验测得 k=1.48,而幂律发散范围为0.1—0.2≤∈≤0.6—0.7,随着浓度增加,幂律发散范围减小。     

3D Nanocomposite Hydrogel Scaffolds Fabricated by Rapid Prototyping for Bone Tissue Engineering

Colloidal gels made of oppositely charged nanoparticles are a novel class of hydrogels and can exhibit pseudoplastic behavior which will enable them to mold easily into specific shapes. These moldable gels can be used as building blocks to self-assemble into integral scaffolds from bottom to up through electrostatic forces. However, they are too weak to maintain scaffold morphology just depending on interparticle interactions such as Van der Waals attraction and electrostatic forces especially for bone tissue engineering. In this study, oppositely charged gelatin nanoparticles were firstly prepared by two-step desolvation method, followed by the mixture with water to form colloid gels. To solve the problem of weak mechanical performance of colloid gels, gelatin macromolecules were introduced into the prepared gels to form blend gels. The blend gels can be easily processed into three-dimensional （3D） porous scaffolds via motor assisted microsyringe （MAM） system, a nozzle-based rapid prototyping technology, under mild conditions. After fabrication the scaffolds were erosslinked by glutaraldehyde （ GA, 25 % solution in water by weight）, then the crosslinked gelatin macromolecules network could form to improve the mechanical properties of colloid gels. The average particle size and zeta potential of gdatin nanoparticles were measured by Nano- ZS instrument. The morphology and microstructures of scaffolds were characterized by macroscopic images. The mechanical properties of the scaffolds were studied by a universal material testing machine.     

工业明胶对混凝土坍落度及强度的影响研究

为提高混凝土的工作性能,往往需要加入各种外加剂。大分子生物材料工业明胶具有表面活性,相当于减水剂,具有提高混凝土工作性能的潜力。着重研究了工业明胶的掺入量对混凝土坍落度及其抗压强度的影响。试验结果表明:工业明胶掺入到混凝土中起到减水效果,能增强混凝土的和易性,掺量为水泥质量的1%最为合适。在保持混凝土的流动性和强度不变的情况下,可以减少拌合水用量与胶凝材料用量6.6%,节省水泥,降低成本,提高经济效益。     

纳米明胶粒子的制备及其表面改性

用改进的二次单凝聚法制备了粒径在100nm左右的纳米明胶粒子,并考察了凝聚剂用量,pH值,胶凝时间和固化时间等因素的影响。得到最佳的工艺条件为：凝聚剂的体积分数为0．444,pH值为3．8,胶凝时间为10min,固化时间为25min。通过吸附聚对苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS),对明胶粒子进行表面改性,使其表面带有负电荷,用反滴定的方法测得最大吸附量为每克明胶粒子吸附8．23mg PSS,为后期在表面吸附带有正电荷的药物打下了基础。     

甲醇/水作为分散介质制备吸水高分子微球

采用分散聚合法 ,以甲醇 /水混合溶液为分散介质 ,丙烯酸 (AA)为单体 ,明胶为分散剂 ,经中和、引发和交联反应 ,合成了聚丙烯酸钠盐 (PAANa)吸水高分子微球 .经扫描电镜观测 ,其粒径在 10 0 μm～ 3 0 0 μm ,可吸去离子水3 10 g/g ,吸 pH =4的酸性水为 2 40 g/g ,吸 pH =10的碱性水为 2 65 g/g .并讨论了分散介质、交联剂与分散剂用量及丙烯酸中和度等因素对吸水率的影响 .