基于元胞自动机的地下矿火灾蔓延仿真方法

提出了基于元胞自动机模型的地下矿火灾发生时火灾在巷道网络系统中蔓延的可视化仿真方法。在该方法中,用元胞自动机模型描述地下矿巷道网络系统,用元胞来描述火焰蔓延能量单元,该单元用火焰温度、蔓延速度、烟雾浓度和有毒气体浓度等状态参数来描述。在仿真过程中,可以获得大量关于火灾蔓延、灾害动态、灾害严重程度及其可行的调控方法。该方法将时间、空间和系统行为有机地结合起来,在形象、直观、真实的条件下完成火灾在巷道系统中蔓延的仿真。     

基于综合效能的火力/电子战协同攻击决策研究

从进攻角度着手,提出了一种新的以综合作战效能最大为决策准则的火力/电子战武器协同攻击的使用方法。该方法首先构建了由信息、机动、干扰、火力四大空战要素决定的能力矩阵、关联矩阵、可用性矩阵及权矩阵,综合作战效能评估模型则由上述四个矩阵组成。进一步通过遍历算法得到综合作战效能最大时的火力/电子战武器协同攻击方案,即为当前火力/电子战武器最优的发射时机。仿真结果表明,该决策方法得到的攻击策略与所期望的软/硬武器协同作战准则一致,能实现综合作战效能的最大化。     

林木直径分布结构转移参数的辨识

在林木直径分布结构转移连续性方程的基础上,进行离散化分析,讨论了林木直径转移参数的性质和辨识方法,该方法对林木生长状态进行预测、预报及林业资源的最优生长控制具有重大意义。     

金洞森林旅游开发的前景及效益分析

文章从发展生态旅游入手,结合当前森林旅游形势的需要,从社会基础、自然条件、区位优势与资源优势进行分析,以突出金洞的本土特色,提出合理的建设原则,并设计相应的森林旅游项目,从实际出发提出可行的开发形式与管理办法,通过效益分析得出开发森林旅游的可行性结论。     

喜鹊在山地次生林中鸟类群落组织结构形成的作用

通过山地次生林鸟类群落组织结构的研究,表明喜鹊在鸟类群落组织形成中是关键类群之一.关键类群是通过巢地资源的被利用来实现的.5年中,利用喜鹊巢繁殖的鸟类达5种,利用率为25%~40.7%.     

网吧消防安全问题及其治理

网吧作为新兴事物备受人们的青睐,但由于场所内部及管理存在的问题导致火灾隐患重重,网吧发生的火灾事故造成的财产损失及人员伤亡逐年上升,通过对网吧消防安全上存在的问题进行分析,提出相应的预防措施和管理对策.     

基于协作式深度强化学习的火灾应急疏散仿真研究

火灾是威胁公共安全的主要灾害之一,火灾产生的高温和有毒有害烟气严重影响了疏散路径的选择。将深度强化学习引入到应急疏散仿真研究,针对多智能体环境提出了协作式双深度Q网络算法。建立随时间动态变化的火灾场景模型,为人员疏散提供实时的危险区域分布信息;对各自独立的智能体神经网络进行整合,建立多智能体统一的深度神经网络,实现所有智能体之间的神经网络和经验共享,提高整体协作疏散效率。结果表明：所提方法具有良好的稳定性和适应性,训练和学习效率得到提升,具有良好的应用价值。     

Year-round activity patterns in a hyperdiverse community of rainforest amphibians in Madagascar

Madagascar hosts a high diversity of amphibians estimated at over 500 species, nearly all of them endemic. Surprisingly few data are available on the activity cycles of this fauna, despite its importance for ecological, evolutionary and conservation research. Here we report the results of a year-round survey of amphibians along a transect bordering the Analamazaotra forest near Andasibe in central eastern Madagascar. During 120 transect walks evenly spaced through the year, a total of 2530 individuals of 40 species of anurans was observed. Abundance was higher during the warm/rainy season (December to April) and peaked in February. Of the five climatic predictors measured, only mean temperature and relative humidity showed high importance values, and multi-model averages indicate that these two variables have a strong effect on amphibian abundance along the transect. Species richness showed no evident peak during the study period and was best explained by a model including average temperature and rainfall. Canonical correspondence analysis indicates that Boophis sibilans, B. tephraeomystax, B. boehmei and Plethodontohyla notosticta were more frequently encountered along the transect on cold and humid days while Plethodontohyla mihanika, Gephyromantis boulengeri and Spinomantis aglavei were distinctly more abundant on cold and dry days, and Paradoxophyla palmata on warm and dry days. The results of our study flag a number of species as suitable candidates for future monitoring initiatives and suggest that a simple combination of visual and acoustic surveys can estimate amphibian activity with high sample sizes in Madagascar’s rainforests.     

Patterns of artificial avian nest predation by introduced rats in a fragmented laurel forest (Tenerife,Canary Islands)

The importance of introduced rats as damaging factors on island biotas is globally recognized. The predation of artificial avian nests by Ship rats (Rattus rattus) in fragmented laurel forests in Tenerife (Canary Islands) was explored. The influence of road edge, patch type, and position (ground versus tree) on nest survival in two forest remnants differing in conservation degree, were assessed using failure‐time analysis. Overall, nest predation was greater in the preserved than in the disturbed remnant. Nest predation also differed among and within patches, variation being greater within the disturbed remnant. The probability of nest failure was higher at the interior than along the road edge in both remnants, but the road edge effect on nest predation was more intense in the disturbed remnant. Predation pressure was higher in patches of mature, closed canopy or dense understorey with stump sprouting. Ground nests were predated at higher rates than tree nests at any location. These results contrast with other nest predation studies in fragmented landscapes where forest edges rather than the interior are more frequently used by predators. Predatory activity by rats seems negatively affected by forest disturbance and road edge effect. Overall, artificial nest predation patterns by rats confirm a potential predation risk for the avifauna of the Canarian laurel forest. This should be considered in implementing conservation management programmes.     

基于HJ-1B卫星的作物秸秆提取及其焚烧火点判定模式

作物秸秆焚烧产生的气体和颗粒物严重污染大气环境,威胁人类健康,给交通带安全带来隐患,利用遥感技术优势监管秸秆焚烧火点具有重要的现实意义.文中基于HJ-1B卫星CCD多光谱遥感数据和IRS热红外遥感数据,以中国江苏中东部为研究区,开展作物秸秆提取及其焚烧火点判定的一体化研究.根据秸秆的光谱特征研究建立了秸秆乘积指数(SMI),结合其纹理信息可从HJ-1BCCD遥感图像上快速有效的提取出秸秆分布,继之结合修正后的火点探测算法可对HJ-1BIRS遥感数据进行火点提取.在秸秆分布和火点探测结果矢量化的基础上,通过GIS技术进行火点叠置分析,可有效地判定作物秸秆火点分布,同时结合实地调研及与MODIS火点产品比对分析验证评价了本研究方法的可行性和有效性.