章学诚的古文师承与文化场域的交往实践

章学诚在古文方面少年时即蒙庭训,后亲炙朱筠门下,奠定了古文写作上的基础。通过讨论章的师承,我们可以分析1789年之前章学诚古文世界的渊源,以及在以朱筠和周震荣为中心的两个知识社群中,章与其他学者的学术交往。在此基础上,运用场域与文化资本的概念,可进一步思考其在清代中期文化场域中的位置。     

古代DNA 技术及其在家养动物驯化历史研究中的应用

家养动物始终伴随着人类文明的发生、发展, 其起源和驯化历史一直备受关注. 而在其 近万年的演化历史中, 家养和野生群体间可能发生基因互渗及替代, 因此基于现代物种DNA 信息进行的历史推断可能存在偏差. 近年来, 古代生物遗骸中的DNA (古代DNA)获取技术日 益成熟, 为这类研究开辟了新的途径. 本文总结了近年来古代DNA 技术研究进展, 点评了古 代生物遗骸DNA 的获取和鉴别方法、古代DNA 提取、扩增及测序技术的革新. 最后, 本文综 述了古代DNA 技术在猪、马、羊、狗等主要家养动物驯化历史研究中的应用进展, 为该技术 的进一步发展及应用提供有益的参考.     

中国古代建筑形态设计的理情寓合

以中国古代建筑的形态设计为基础,探讨其蕴含的伦理规范、理性精神和哲学思想,阐明中国古代建筑所具有的融理情于一体的形态设计特征.     

Non-invasive genetic study and population monitoring of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) (Mammalia: Ursidae) in Kastoria region – Greece

The brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Greece is considered endangered but little is known about the genetic status and the exact size of local populations. Non-invasive genetic sampling was used in this study to investigate the genetic diversity and genetic structure of the brown bear population in the Kastoria region (northwest Macedonia, Greece) and to estimate its population size. Estimation of demographic parameters was based on innovative, well-evaluated methods that can provide estimates from a single sampling session. DNA was extracted from hairs, scat and blood samples and subsequent amplification of 10 microsatellite loci allowed the identification of a minimum number of 75 living bears in the study area while the mark–recapture-based analysis resulted in a point estimation of 219 individuals. Relatively high diversity values, lack of heterozygosity deficiency as well as estimated effective population size, support the Kastoria bear population having good conservation status.     

A new species of Schizopera (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from Japan,its phylogeny based on the mtCOI gene and comments on the genus Schizoperopsis

The predominantly marine genus Schizopera Sars, 1905 has only two significant inland water species-flocks, one in the ancient African Lake Tanganyika and the other in subterranean waters of Western Australia. Discovery of Schizopera abei sp. nov. from several interstitial locations in the vicinity of the ancient Lake Biwa has wider implications for the study of morphological homoplasies in the genus, as well as for the study of freshwater invasions in harpacticoid copepods. The new Schizopera species belongs to a small group of congeners with a two-segmented endopod of the fourth leg, which used to be recognised as a separate genus, Schizoperopsis Apostolov, 1982. Our reconstructed phylogenies based on the mtCOI partial sequences suggest that this character probably evolved convergently in at least some Schizopera, thus rendering the genus Schizoperopsis polyphyletic. However, almost all basal nodes in our cladograms are weakly supported, which shows limitations of a single-gene approach for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships. The new species is the first member of its genus from Japanese inland waters, and it has no close relatives among extent congeners anywhere in the world. We speculate that its ancestor may have invaded Lake Biwa, and subsequently its surrounding subterranean waters, from brackish areas around central Japan, presumably during a period of high sea water level through its major outflow river. This discovery may provide further support for the hypothesis about the role of ancient lakes as biodiversity pumps for subterranean habitats.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1F71F7AD-B7C8-4AD3-BE44-5E1BEE4E2AA8     

论晚清诸子学研究中"以西释子"的学术特色

在晚清诸子学研究中,由于西学的广泛传播、"西学中源"说的再次兴起和研究方法的内在需要,出现了"以西释子"的学术特色。其发展在晚清大致经历了从通过西学对诸子的再注解来发掘诸子中的自然科技,到阐发诸子中的现代价值观念两个阶段,出现了一系列"以西释子"的学术专著。由于这一学术特色的出现,为中国近代学术研究提供了新的研究方法,推动了西学的中国化和传统文化的现代化,也促进了儒学独尊地位的瓦解。     

基于互信息的宋史语料库词表的提取

基于统计语言模型,对《续资治通鉴长编》进行了统计分析.根据互信息特征抽取候选字串,通过人机交互确定其是否构成词,然后动态修正相关字串的互信息值,逐步建立宋史语料库词表.实验中据互信息阈值抽取候选字串6 500个,根据汉语大词典确定是词的有3 694个,占56.8%.结果表明互信息法是建立古汉语语料库词表的有效辅助手段.     

中国古代循环演化思想探讨

循环演化观念是中国古代自然观的重要组成部分,对传统科学文化产生过广泛影响。本文系统考查了古代有关理论所反映的循环演化思想,初步分析了其基本内涵及科学价值,并指出了其局限性。     

培养古代汉语自主学习能力的实践与思考

重视大学生古代汉语自主学习能力的培养,既是适应现代教育培养人的综合素质的需要,也是深化古代汉语教学改革,提高教学效率的要求。培养学生古代汉语自主学习能力,教师要转变教学观念,要熟悉自主学习的基本内容,要掌握培养自主学习能力的方法。     

萍乡市古籍保存及利用状况分析

通过对萍乡市古籍保存及利用状况的调查与分析,指出应进一步加强对古籍的保护,并针对古籍的特点对其进行合理的开发与利用,从而最大限度地为本地区政治、经济、文化事业的可持续发展服务。