The quantum Hall effects: Philosophical approach

The Quantum Hall Effects offer a rich variety of theoretical and experimental advances. They provide interesting insights on such topics as gauge invariance, strong interactions in Condensed Matter physics, emergence of new paradigms. This paper focuses on some related philosophical questions. Various brands of positivism or agnosticism are confronted with the physics of the Quantum Hall Effects. Hacking׳s views on Scientific Realism, Chalmers׳ on Non-Figurative Realism are discussed. It is argued that the difficulties with those versions of realism may be resolved within a dialectical materialist approach. The latter is argued to provide a rational approach to the phenomena, theory and ontology of the Quantum Hall Effects.     

《爱玛》中的现实主义因素分析

简.奥斯丁是十九世纪早期英国女作家,她的小说中弥漫着浓郁的现实主义气息。在小说《爱玛》中,奥斯丁对阶级意识,社会约定俗成的性别角色,和女性的有限选择等方面的客观描述都是使用了现实主义手法。     

The past vs. the tiny: historical science and the abductive arguments for realism

Scientific realism is fundamentally a view about unobservable things, events, processes, and so on, but things can be unobservable either because they are tiny or because they are past. The familiar abductive arguments for scientific realism lend more justification to scientific realism about the tiny than to realism about the past. This paper examines both the “basic” abductive arguments for realism advanced by philosophers such as Ian Hacking and Michael Devitt, as well as Richard Boyd’s version of the inference to the best explanation of the success of science, and shows that these arguments provide less support to historical than to experimental realism. This is because unobservably tiny things can function both as unifiers of the phenomena and as tools for the production of new phenomena, whereas things in the past can only serve as unifiers of the phenomena. The upshot is that realists must not suppose that by presenting arguments for experimental realism they have thereby defended realism in general.     

论肯尼思·沃尔兹结构现实主义理论的国际体系思想

国际体系是肯尼思.沃尔兹结构现实主义理论的思想核心和研究重点。国际体系是国际社会的成因,影响和制约单元的行为。结构现实主义的国际体系思想主要体现在结构核心、权力核心、均势核心和互动核心等四个方面。沃尔兹的国际体系思想在理论建构、大国体系和体系的进程方面也存在一些局限。     

老舍与茅盾现实主义文学观比较

茅盾和老舍是20世纪中国文坛现实主义流派的代表,由于二人的早期教育和人生经历不同,在文学创作中,虽同为现实主义作家但表现方法和侧重点却大不相同。茅盾的经典作品《蚀》、《子夜》、《虹》、《林家铺子》表现出他“为人生”主张和“为无产阶级”的革命现实主义文学观等;老舍的代表作《二马》、《老张的哲学》、《骆驼祥子》、《四世同堂》等则透漏出老舍的“批判”性和偏重对市民社会心理重传统观念剖析的文学特点。     

论化学家辩证思维的发展

恩格斯指出:“每一时代的理论思维,……都是一种历史的产物,在不同的时代具有非常不同的形式,并因而具有不同的内容”。作为一门重要的自然科学——化学,在其发展中也是这样。五位化学家(波义耳、拉瓦锡、道尔顿、门捷列夫和肖莱马)的发现不是偶尔被恩格斯所注意,这五个名字,是化学家辩证思维准备与发展的五个路标。本文拟就各种哲学思潮对化学家思维的影响,探讨化学家辩证思维的发展,剖析辩证思维     

A Study on the Tragic Theme in Grove's Novels

Canadian early realistic novels are always about the pioneer farming in the West. Grove is the first famous realistic writer. The social milieu and dramatic life experiences influenced Grove's worldviews greatly. He bought a cultured and philosophical mind to the contemplation of the Western prairie and his works have lasting influence in Canadian literary field. The thesis intended to explore Grove's insightful thoughts on pioneers' survival predicament and focused on the tragic themes of his prairie trilo...     

从封闭到开放的嬗变——试论新时期现实主义文学的特征

新时期现实主义文学发展的主要特征是“开放性”。它摆脱了一元化的旧面貌，形成许多各具魅力的现实主义文学的亚形态；在题材上得到拓展，主题进一步深化；并且在现实主义表现形式和手法上做了有益的探索，拓宽了现实主义的创作道路。     

苏联文艺政策与中国的“社会主义现实主义”

“社会主义现实主义”的创作原则来自苏联，从这个创作原则的定义到对它的各种阐释，我国文艺界都深受其影响。尤其是日丹诺夫、马林科夫等人“社会主义现实主义”的阐释，对我国当年的文学创作产生了深远的影响。1958年，毛泽东同志倡导“革命的现实主义和革命的浪漫主义相结合”以后，特别是在1960年第三次全国文代会正式确立了“两结合”创造原则以后，“社会主义现实主义”开始受到冷落。