The Whewell-Mill debate on predictions,from Mill's point of view

John Stuart Mill, in his debate with William Whewell on the nature and logic of induction, is regarded as being the first to dismiss the supposed value of successful predictions as merely psychological. I shall argue that this view of the Whewell-Mill debate on predictions misconstrues Mill’s position and argument. From Mill’s point of view, the controversial point was not the question whether predictions ‘count more’ than ex-post explanations but the alleged assertion by Whewell that the successful predictions of the wave theory of light prove the existence of the ether. Mill argued that, on the one hand, the predictions of the wave theory of light do not and cannot provide evidence for the existence of the ether; as evidence for the laws of the theory, on the other hand, the predictions are superfluous, the laws being already well-confirmed. Mill actually endorsed a requirement of independent support closely resembling Whewell’s requirements for hypotheses; the controversy on the value of predictions is a product of the 20th century.     

Historical antecedents to the philosophy of Paul Feyerabend

Paul Feyerabend has been considered a very radical philosopher of science for proposing that we may advance hypotheses contrary to well-confirmed experimental results, that observations make theoretical assumptions, that all methodological rules have exceptions, that ordinary citizens may challenge the judgment of experts, and that human happiness should be a key value for science. As radical as these theses may sound, they all have historical antecedents. In defending the Copernican view, Galileo exemplified the first two; Mill, Aristotle and Machiavelli all argued for pluralism; Aristotle gave commonsense reasons for why ordinary citizens may be able to judge the work of experts; and a combination of Plato's and Aristotle's views can offer strong support for the connection between science and happiness.     

BeckHoff控制器在堆垛控制系统中的应用

详细介绍了太钢2250热连轧厂堆垛控制系统的组成及功能,阐述了控制器BeckHoff的特点及其在2250热连轧厂堆垛控制系统中的应用。     

新疆地区温室引种库拉索芦荟的生长效应研究

采用不同浓度尿素、复合肥、奥丰溶液对引种芦荟进行浇灌,并对芦荟的生长效应及其褐变产生的原因进行了研究。结果表明,尿素、复合肥、奥丰对叶长、叶宽、叶厚、叶数作用均显著,其中以复合肥、奥丰在叶长、叶宽、叶数方面效果显著,奥丰在叶厚方面效果显著;不同浓度对叶片生长作用也较显著。在本试验中,光照条件为芦荟叶褐变的主要影响因素。     

漂白纸浆废水对鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)肝脏微粒体代谢酶的影响

实验研究了一种漂白纸浆废水对鲫鱼(Carassiusauratus)的急性毒性以及肝脏微粒体尿二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶(UDPGT)和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)的影响,在生物化学水平探索低浓度漂白纸浆水对鱼类的危害.实验结果表明,该漂白纸浆废水的96hLC50和168hLC50分别为43.90±3.09%和29.66±6.20%.暴露30d后,10%和12%原废水处理组能显著地诱导鲫鱼肝脏微粒体酶GST的活性,然而,8%、10%和12%原废水处理组能显著地抑制UDPGT的活性(P<0.05).     

西门子802Dsl系统在单柱数控立车上的应用

本文通过在CK5116单柱立式车床上应用西门子802Dsl数控系统,重点介绍了802Dsl数控系统和与之配套使用的SINAMICSS120驱动系统的功能及应用中注意的问题。阐述了它们安装简单且结构稳定的技术特点。     

关于铁质粉碎机对制备试样污染的研究

<正>用经济、快速的古埃天平法,研究了铁质粉碎机制备试样的磁性变化。其结果表明铁的污染是极其严重的。因此,测定试样中的微量铁,决不能用铁质粉碎机制备试样。     

落叶松种子同工酶的研究

采用聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳法分析了产地为阿尔山和根河的兴安落叶松L1和L2、华北落叶松L3和长白落叶松L4种子中的4种酶的同工酶。结果表明:4个样品的POD、EST、SOD和AMY同工酶均为多态;同工酶带数目多少为EST>POD>SOD>AMY;同工酶带数目排列是L2>L4>L1>L3。在进化程度上,华北落叶松较为原始,长白落叶松居中,产于根河的兴安落叶松为较进化类型。聚类分析表明长白落叶松与华北落叶松亲缘关系较近,与兴安落叶松较远;华北落叶松与兴安落叶松和长白落叶松亲缘关系均较近。     

榅桲中总黄酮的测定

(上接第 68页 )3.2　比较在水溶液和乙醇溶液的溶解能力 ,在乙醇的溶解性较好。3.3　用硼酸为显色剂定黄酮时 ,不显色 ,有浑浊现象 ,含有可能有别的物质。榅桲中总黄酮的测定@马木提.库尔班$新疆大学化学化工学院!新疆乌鲁木齐830046 @长马力别克.吾买尔$新疆大学化学化     

仙客来(Cyclamen persicum Mill)体细胞胚的发生及组织细胞学的研究

以仙客来开花植株新生叶片为外植体,成功诱导、筛选出体细胞胚发生的胚性愈伤组织,胚性愈伤组织的形态有两种:微棕红色松软愈伤和松脆愈伤.显微镜下观察松软胚性愈伤多为含有数十个胚性细胞的胚性细胞团,而松脆胚性愈伤的胚性细胞团的胚性细胞数目只有几个或十几个.细胞学观察二者均包含前胚性细胞团、二细胞、四细胞、八细胞,进一步继代培养2周可观察到多细胞原胚、球形胚、梨形胚、心形胚、鱼雷胚的出现,大多数体胚60～90 d可发育成完整的小植株.