儿童·活动·价值--杜威课程理论解析

杜威在教育理论和实践中一直进行着艰苦的探索,建立了一套完整的实用主义教育思想体系,课程理论是其中重要的组成部分。针对传统教育的弊端,他提出崭新的课程理论,其核心可以视作“儿童、活动、价值”:课程设计以儿童为依据,课程的实施以活动为载体,课程的评价以价值为取向。     

Written in the flesh: Isaac Newton on the mind–body relation

Isaac Newton’s views on the mind–body relation are of interest not only because of their somewhat unique departure from popular early modern conceptions of mind and its relation to body, but also because of their connections with other aspects of Newton’s thought. In this paper I argue that (1) Newton accepted an interesting sort of mind–body monism, one which defies neat categorization, but which clearly departs from Cartesian substance dualism, and (2) Newton took the power by which we move our bodies by thought alone to be a member of the family of forces that includes gravity and electricity. Time and again, Newton draws an analogy between the ultimate cause and nature of the volitional powers of mind and the ultimate cause and nature of these other forces.     

洛克财产权的限制问题及其争议

财产权学说是洛克政治哲学的重要组成部分,洛克消极的政治哲学观倡导政府的目的是保护人们的财产,因而财产权就被赋予了政治哲学的意义,成为评判政治权力正当性的道德基础之一。文章研究的主题是洛克财产权学说中关于财产权的限制的问题,从分析这一问题是如何提出的开始,进而探讨了洛克关于财产占有与享用的限制、财产积累的限制等问题,最后阐述了学界关于洛克财产让渡权的争议。     

罗尔斯公共理性思想探析

罗尔斯的公共理性思想要求人们只能根据所有公民都能合理接受的理由来进行基本政治问题的讨论,从而在多元价值观之中凝聚政治共识.通过检视罗尔斯提出的公共理性理念,探究其实现路径,对于我们把握他的政治自由主义思想有所裨益.     

毛泽东与杜威德育思想比较

毛泽东和杜威都认为德育在人的全面发展教育中德育居重要地位，德育具有营造良好的社会环境，促进社会的发展等重要功能。但是他们对德育的内涵，德育与智育的关系，德育的社会功能的认识有很大的区别，比较他们的德育思想，由此提出新时期德育工作中必须处理的好几个关系。     

Infrared metaphysics: the elusive ontology of radiation. Part 1

Hardly any ontological result of modern science is more firmly established than the fact that infrared radiation differs from light only in wavelength; this is part of the modern conception of the continuous spectrum of electromagnetic radiation reaching from radio waves to gamma radiation. Yet, like many such evident truths, the light-infrared unity was an extremely difficult thing to establish. We examine the competing arguments in favour of the unified and pluralistic theories of radiation, as put forward in the first half of the nineteenth century by three of the most important early pioneers of the study of radiation: Herschel, Melloni and Draper. In this part of the paper, we conclude that there were no compelling reasons of observational adequacy to prefer the unified theory to the pluralistic theory. (Whether there were other conclusive reasons for that preference is the question addressed in Part 2 of the paper.)     

密尔自由观探析

约翰·密尔的自由观,在自由主义的发展历史上具有十分重要的地位和意义,他不仅明确提出了关于"自由"的原则,而且将功利主义的原则和自由主义的原则成功地融合在一起;他对"多数暴政"这一严重威胁自由的问题进行了有力的分析和批判。但密尔的理论仍停留在中产阶级的角度上,没能认识到资本主义社会对人的自由的新威胁;对经验理性能力过于乐观的认识,又使密尔的理论存在着破坏其自由原则的可能性。