The Garching nuclear egg: Teaching contemporary history beyond the linguistic turn

In my paper I argue for mobilising recent material heritage at universities in teaching history of contemporary science. Getting your hands dirty in the messy worlds of the laboratory and the storage room, and getting entangled with the commemorative practices of scientists and technicians does not belong to the common experiences of students in history and philosophy of science. Despite the recent material turn in cultural studies, students’ engagement with the material world often remains a linguistic exercise, extending at most to an excursion to the sanitised and academically encultured world of the museum exhibit.I contrast this approach by drawing on experiences of taking students to the Atomei, Germany’s oldest research reactor at the Garching campus of the Munich University of Technology. Decommissioned since 2000, the installation and its history are still controlled by scientists. Studying contemporary laboratories and their materiality has so far been the domain of sociologists and ethnographers. I argue for opening these spaces to historians of science and engaging with the ‘unfinished’ material world of contemporary science. Taking the material seriously beyond the linguistic turn and asking students to explore laboratories and other sites of knowledge production challenges existing histories and historiographies. By exploring local university departments and their recent histories through their material heritage, we can observe everyday science and confront scientists and technicians’ cultures with those of historians’. By engaging with recent material heritage as historians and archivists, students can make an important contribution to enhancing the awareness about this heritage, its implications for history writing, as well as its documentation and preservation.     

群体特征分析——社会智能的理论基础刍议

针对"群体"是否具有智能这一问题,从"群体"特征角度着手进行分析,将"群体"定义为通过信息共享,在共同目标的作用下,自发或者有组织地联系在一起并且能够相互影响的一群人。在此基础上,通过分析群体的心理特征、情感特征等,发现群体可通过"竞争"、"协作"等方法,激发个体的智慧来增长群体知识。"群体"具备的这种能力可视为"群体"的智能,即"群体智能"或"社会智能"。由于"社会智能"及其涉及到的群体所拥有的海量数据的复杂性,提出可将"从定性到定量的综合集成法"作为研究"社会智能"的方法论的构思,并总结出研究"社会智能"的两个一般性方法:基于连接模式的方法和基于信息传播的方法,最后指明了后续的工作方向。     

钱学森的“中国科协学”与系统学

20世纪80年代钱学森倡导和推动了中国科协学与系统学的研究。中国科协学作为科学学在中国兴起与发展的一项重要实践内容,深受当时钱学森系统学思想的影响。反过来,中国科协学的研究也在一定程度上丰富和发展了钱学森系统学的思想。     

基于Web of Science的电力行业“低碳”研究论文统计分析

利用Web of Science数据库的分析功能,对世界各国电力行业2004-2010年间对于低碳方面研究的相关论文进行了统计分析,主要从国家、机构、年代分布、期刊分布、文献语种、文献类型几方面进行分析,以期了解世界各国在这方面的研究现状。     

构建跨学科组织中的科研平台

随着学科自身以及学科环境的不断成熟，各种学科间的壁垒逐渐被新的发展范式慢慢地消解了，学科之间，不仅仅在人文与科学这两个大的阵营之间，而且在各个对立的学科之问，也有了鲜为人知的交叉和渗透。跨学科组织的构建中学术共同体之间科研平台的重要性日益凸显了出来。     

Standards of evidence and causality in regulatory science: Risk and benefit assessment

In this paper we analyze the Russo-Williamson Thesis (RWT) as a standard of evidence in regulatory science, in risk as well as benefit assessment. In our analysis we take account of the recent controversies that have taken place in regulation with respect to the evidentiary requirements necessary for regulatory decision making. RWT's main point is that not only probabilistic but also mechanistic evidence is necessary for being able to infer the existence of causal links. We ask in which way RWT could have an impact upon current decision making about subjecting to regulation (or, to the contrary, leaving them unregulated) certain chemical substances, food stuffs, health claims, and other typical objects of regulation. We show that the application of RWT resolves some of the problems posed by current standards of evidence. RWT makes it possible to determine with higher accuracy if a particular substance should be subjected to regulation or not, even though under certain circumstances RWT itself may turn into a source of regulatory error. The adequacy of RWT as a standard of evidence depends on the precise manner of its application to regulation (particularly the consideration of mechanistic evidence as a complementary or necessary requirement), as well as the assessment of its non-epistemic consequences.     

空间科学探索相关国际法原则和热点分析

 国际空间法作为一个年轻的国际法新分支，是各国探索和利用外层空间活动依据的国际法原则、规则和制度的总和。近年来，国际空间探索活动掀起新高潮，但国际空间法律制度发展相对滞后，二者之间的矛盾愈发凸显。梳理了国际空间法体系及与空间科学探索相关的主要法律原则，围绕空间碎片减缓、外空资源开发和利用、行星保护、频率和轨道资源分配、空间核动力源以及微小卫星等当前空间科学探索领域最具代表性的国际热点争议法律议题，分析了相关的主要国际法律原则、美欧等国家/地区的法律规定和实施案例等。     

浙江省理工科院校公共艺术教育现状调查研究

理工科大学实施公共艺术教育对培养创新型的复合型人才具有重要意义。为了及时发现理工科院校艺术教育存在的问题,进一步推进公共艺术教育的发展,特采用问卷调查、访谈等方法,选取浙江省5所理工科院校进行调查研究。结果显示,浙江省理工科院校公共艺术教育在组织管理、课程设置、课堂教学、课外活动、设备投入等方面都存在诸多问题,以致限制了公共艺术教育的健康发展。     

运用布拉德福定律测定建筑学科图书核心出版社实践研究

以西安建筑科技大学与同济大学为研究对象,对两校图书馆收藏的建筑类图书分别进行了统计分析,并运用布拉德福定律测出各自产生的建筑类图书核心出版社。通过两者比较分析,探讨了不同数据源对于核心出版社测定的影响。