南极长城站工作人员性格变化的初步测定

本文是我国首次报导对南极长城站工作人员心理和行为测定的研究。测定是在夏季时间(11月至3月)进行的,以出发前为对照与临回国前各填写艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和A型行为问卷(APQ)一次。结果表明:两种问卷的各项量表总得分有变化者约占被测人数的1/3,尤以APQ中的争强好胜(Competitive)和怀有戒心或敌意(Hostility)得分突出地高于对照(P<0.001)。所有的变化,它对阐明人体与特殊环境条件的适应与平衡可能有重要的理论与实践意义,值得进行深入细致的研究,有关的工作正在继续进行中。     

南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛的地温振荡特征

据南极长城站建站以来连续四年的地温和气象观测资料，用时间序列的谱分析和协相关分析方法研究了南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛活动层不同深度、不同时间尺度的地温振荡特征。发现：１、活动层不同深度的地温具有不同时间尺度的振荡周期。地表及地下０．４ｍ的地温具有显著的准１周、准２周、准３～４周和准１年的振荡周期，地下０．８ｍ的地温具有准１年的振荡周期，地下１．６ｍ的地温具有准３～４年的振荡周期。２、不同深度地—气相互作用的时间尺度不同。地表及地下０．４ｍ的地温振荡周期与地面各气象要素准１周、准２周和准３～４周的中短期振荡周期相同，而地下１．６ｍ地温的振荡周期与气温准３～４年的长期振荡周期相同，并且其距平年变化与过境气旋频数的年变化存在显著的同期正相关。地下０．８ｍ是中短期与长期地—气相互作用的界面。３、地温受气温变化所驱动的振荡响应具有滞后性。气温与滞后３个月的各层地温相关程度最高。另外，从地表向下，地温对气温变化的滞后相关程度逐渐降低     

The first record of a benthic polar chaetognath: a new Spadella from the Antarctic

A new benthic chaetognath, Spadella antarctica n. sp., is described from depths between 193 and 500 m in the Weddell Sea (Antarctic Ocean) and comparisons are made with related species of Spadella. Ecological remarks on this genus are provided.     

Not as clear as expected: what genetic data tell about Southern Hemisphere corellids (Ascidiacea: Phlebobranchia)

ABSTRACT

The morphology of corellids (Ascidiacea) has led to numerous misidentifications and wrong taxonomic decisions over the last century. Paradoxically, the morphology has also enabled new species to be identified and ancient entities to be re-established in the Southern Hemisphere. There are many examples of the integration of morphological and molecular data leading to the same taxonomic conclusions, and therefore we aimed to analyse DNA sequences of the gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I of currently accepted species within Corellidae occurring in the Southern Hemisphere. Haplotype networks along with phylogenetic trees and genetic distances not only corroborate the distinction between Corella eumyota and Corella antarctica, but also separate the latter into two potential groups, one located in Terre Adélie and the other in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP). Furthermore, the C. antarctica group from the AP was closely related to the allied abyssal species, Corynascidia suhmi from Terre Adélie. Although the number of new sequences is reduced, our results are congruent with a long record of suspicion on the matter and stress the need for deeper and more extensive investigation of this ascidian family.     

A limnological reconnaissance of the Falkland Islands; with particular reference to the waterfleas (Arthropoda: Anomopoda)

Forty‐eight freshwater bodies on the Falkland Islands, including 33 lakes and pools, and 12 rivers and streams, were sampled for freshwater invertebrates. This study yielded 129 species of invertebrates (79 Rotifera, 34 Arthropoda, six Platyhelminthes, three Gastrotricha, two Nematoda, two Annelida, two Mollusca, and one Tardigrada) plus two fish species bringing the known Falkland Islands freshwater fauna to more than 170 species. While the presence of fishes, molluscs, amphipods, caddis larvae, waterboatmen, parasitic cercaria, and truly planktonic rotifers make the Falkland Islands fauna markedly richer than any subantarctic, or maritime Antarctic island, it is nevertheless sparse when compared with other temperate and tropical locations.     

Surface ozone observations during voyages to the Arctic and Antarctic regions

Surface ozone concentration and UV-B data between 75° N and 70° S were obtained aboard the Chinese polar scientific vessel “Xue -long” (Snow-Dragon) during the first voyage to the Arctic and the 16th to the Antarctic in 1999–2000. Analysis of these data presents that variations of the surface ozone concentration have small amplitude during voyages except the mid-latitude in the Northern Hemisphere. As a whole, average surface ozone concentration in the Northern Hemisphere is higher than that in the Southern, and high value occurred when the ship sailed close to the continents. The average diurnal variations of the surface ozone in the Northern Hemisphere are also higher compared to the southern counterparts, and high diurnal variations were found at low latitudes, and relative low level in the polar region.     

Influence of interannual variability of Antarctic oscillation on mei-yu along the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley and its importance to prediction

Both correlation analysis and case study indicate that Antarctic oscillation (AAO) is closely related with summer rainfall in eastern China. When AAO is stronger in boreal spring, especially in May, there is more mei-yu rainfall in summer with a longer period along the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley. In contrast, there is less rainfall with a shorter period corresponding to a weaker AAO. Besides, an anomalous AAO changes the position and intensity of several circulation systems, which are important to summer rainfall along the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley. Furthermore, the Antarctic sea ice is negatively correlated with the intensity of AAO with a 6-month leading time. The result in this study provides a new method for the prediction of mei-yu.     

Species of Staurotheca Allman, 1888 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Sertulariidae) from US Antarctic expeditions,with the description of three new species

Seventeen species of the genus Staurotheca Allman have been studied, three of which are new to science (Staurotheca abyssalis sp. nov., S. densa sp. nov. and S. profunda sp. nov.). The material studied was collected by several US Antarctic expeditions. Each species is described and figured, the systematic position amongst allied species discussed and available data concerning autecology and geographical distribution given. The remaining six known species of the genus are also considered, regarding synonymy, autecology and geographical distribution. The type material of two poorly known species of Staurotheca, S. juncea (Vanhöffen) and S. pachyclada (Jäderholm) has been re-examined, re-described and figured. Finally, a general survey of the bathymetrical and biogeographical distribution of the known species of Staurotheca is given.     

Species of Antarctoscyphus Pena Cantero,Garcia Carrascosa and Vervoort, 1997 (Cnidaria,Hydrozoa, Sertulariidae) from recent Antarctic expeditions with R.V. Polarstern,with the description of two new species

Six species of the genus Antarctoscyphus Peña Cantero, García Carrascosa and Vervoort, have been studied, two of which are new to science (Antarctoscyphus admirabilis sp. nov. and A. fragilis sp. nov.). The material studied originates from the Weddell Sea and was collected by several French and German Antarctic expeditions with the R.V. Polarstern. Each species is described and figured, the systematic position amongst allied species discussed and available data concerning autecology and geographical distribution given. The type material of two badly known species, A. grandis (Blanco) and A. gruzovi (Stepan'yants), has been re-examined, re-described and figured. A comparative table listing main features of known species of Antarctoscyphus is presented. Finally, a general survey of biogeographical distribution of the known species is given.